Niaj hnub no, lub mosaic yog npaum li cas rau kev tso cai, tab sis tsuas yog cov neeg pluag tshaj plaws yuav them taus nws. Thaum lub sijhawm tsis muaj ntau hom vuas luaj, tibneeg kis tau lawv cov duab kos nrog lawv txhais tes, siv cov kev tsim kho thiab tsuas muaj pob zeb.
Nyob rau tam sim no, cov neeg sau keeb kwm muaj plaub hom kev qhia rau cov mosaics: Roman, Lavxias Alexandrian thiab Florentine. Qhov feem ntau ntawm tag nrho yog lub Florentine mosaic. Yuav ua kom nws, craftsmen siv dawb lias pob zeb: tsov lub qhov muag, amethyst, malachite, agate, carnelian, serpentine, jasper, marble, lapis lazuli, sodalite, hematite. Thaum ua tus duab, cov pob zeb ntawm qee qhov ntxoov ntxoo siv, uas tau muab qhov kev xav thiab txiav. Tom qab ua tiav, lub pob zeb ua ke koom ua ke los tsim ib qho qauv. Rau kev xaiv kab sib npaug, ntau lub pob zeb me me los yog ib qho ua tib zoo siv khoom siv. Lub cev duab tau meej tau zoo zoo thiab cov ntsiab lus thiab halftones, uas yog qhov nyuaj ua kom cuag nrog roj xim.
Keeb kwm ntawm lub mosaic
Florentine mosaic originated nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th thiab yog nrov rau 300 xyoo. Nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho thiab kev txhim kho ntawm kos duab ntawm tsim "zeb paintings" lub luag hauj lwm zoo raug ua los ntawm Tuscan duke Ferdinand kuv de Medici. Nws yog thawj thawjcoj los tsim ib lub rooj cob qhia rau kev ua haujlwm nrog lub pob zeb zoo nkauj thiab lub pob zeb, uas hu ua "Gallery of Dei Lavori." Ntawm no yog Italian masters pib xyaum ua ke nrog cov muab tso ua ke ntawm cov duab los ntawm cov pob zeb dawb, uas tom qab ntawd hu ua "pietra dura".
Cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub tau tsim lawv tus kheej style ntawm mosaic hu ua "commesso", uas txhais cov txhais tau tias "docked". Yog vim li cas xws li ib lub npe? Qhov tseeb yog tias lub pob zeb zoo nkauj tshooj, tom qab txiav thiab shaping yam xav tau, tau ntxiv rau ib qho qauv kom tus kab ntawm lawv twb tsis pom. Cov txheej txheem ntawm Florentine mosaic tau siv los ua khoom ntawm lub rooj saum toj kawg nkaus, phab ntsa panels, pob zeb diamonds, chess boards, thiab rau dai kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov rooj tog zaum. Hmoov tsis, los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th no hom kos duab ceased yog qhov tseem ceeb, raws li cov neeg hloov mus tha xim thiab architecture.
Niaj hnub no, mosaics nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm "pietra dura" muaj peev xwm pom nyob rau hauv keeb kwm museum thiab private collections. Mosaic tshaj plaws ua haujlwm: "Mosque lub rooj sab laj", "Lub vaj huam sib luag nrog ib lub paj noob hlis", "Lub siab ntxhiab thiab kov", "Roob dej".
Florentine mosaic ua los ntawm cov pob zeb - tsim nta
Italian mosaic muaj ib tug naj npawb ntawm cov nta uas txawv qhov txawv ntawm lwm hom masonry:
- tag nrho cov seem ntawm daim duab yog li nruj heev uas cov kev sib txuas ntawm lub pob zeb yuav luag pom;
- tag nrho cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum ua kom zoo zoo hauv av thiab hauv tib lub dav hlau;
- txawm tias daim duab pes tsawg ntawm daim duab txawv ntawm qhov qub, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv qhov muaj tsis muaj qhov zoo tib yam pob zeb;
- cov creation ntawm ib mosaic tej zaum yuav siv li ob peb lub hlis;
- tsis zoo li cov duab kos rau ntawm cov canvas, cov dluab ntawm lub pob zeb tsis fade thiab tsis hlawv tawm rau ntau xyoo.
Niaj hnub no, "pob zeb duab" ua kom zoo nkauj me me lossis lub qhov rooj txaj. Muaj nyiaj ntau npaum li cas rau kev ua haujlwm, raws li txhua tus duab yog ua raws li tus kheej order.
Ib co neeg tsim qauv siv Italian tshuab los ua poj niam cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Pendants, brooches thiab cov qhwv ntsej muaj ntsa zoo nkauj nrog nyias daim hlau uas yog xim pob zeb, uas ntxiv rau ib qho qauv. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias tib cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv ib qho khoom yuav muaj ntau ntxoov vim yog lub heterogeneity ntawm lub ntuj pob zeb.
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