- Thaj tsam: 600,000 sq. M km
- Qhov siab tshaj saum hiav txwv: 1000 m
"Peb nyob hauv Zanzibar, hauv Kalahari thiab Sahara ...". Leej twg ntawm peb hauv kuv thaum yau tseem tsis tau nyeem cov kab no! Thiab leej twg tuaj yeem teb, qhov twg yog Kalahari suab puam, hauv lub teb chaws twg?
Nws tsis yooj yim rau koj nrhiav tau Kalahari suab puam nyob rau hauv ib daim qhia kev: nws yog nyob rau cheeb tsam ntawm peb lub teb chaws Africa - Namibia , South Africa thiab Botswana, occupying lub southwestern ntawm Kalahar kev nyuaj siab. Ntawm qhov peb lub tebchaws loj tshaj plaws nyob rau Africa, Kalahari thaj tsam thib ob ntawm thaj chaw, qhov thib ob tsuas yog mus rau Sahara (rau kev sib piv: Sahara cheeb tsam yog 9,065,000 square km, Kalahari yog 600,000, thiab qhov loj tshaj plaws Namib suab puam yog "tsuas" 100,000 square km ).
Cov lus qhia dav dav
Qee lub sij hawm koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau lwm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm thaj chaw: cov duab yog 930 000 sq. km. Txawm li cas los, qhov tseeb, qhov no tsis yog thaj chaw ntawm cov suab puam, tab sis thaj tsam ntawm lub phiab da dej ntawm Kalahar Sands, uas hu ua Mega-Kalahari. Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias thaj tsam ntawm ob qho tib si ntawm lub suab puam thiab lub phiab yuav maj mam nce; Lub phiab, ntxiv rau Namibia, Botswana thiab cov koom pheej ntawm South Africa, thaj chaw ntawm ib ncig ntawm Angola thiab Zambia.
Cov av ntawm Kalahari muaj tsawg fertility. Lawv tau tsim los ntawm cov xuav pob zeb limestone. Nrog nws cov xim liab, uas nyias txawv nyias qhov Kalahari duab los ntawm cov duab ntawm lwm yam deserts, cov xuab zeb yog vim cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau oxide. Nyob hauv Kalahari muaj cov khoom tso nyiaj, diamonds thiab tooj.
Unofficial "capital" ntawm Kalahari yog Botswana nroog ntawm Ganzi. Nyob hauv Kalahar phiab, ze ntawm tus ciam teb ntawm cov suab puam nws tus kheej, yog lub nroog ntawm Namibia, lub nroog ntawm Windhoek .
Ntiaj teb Kalahari thaj chaw hauv Namibia yog Kalahari-Gemsbok National Park ; nws nyob ntawm tus ciam teb ntawm Namibia thiab Botswana.
Kev nyab xeeb
Nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm Kalahari ntog ntawm 250 hli (nyob rau sab qab teb thiab sab qab teb-sab hnub poob) mus rau 1000 mm (nyob rau sab qaum teb) ntawm nag lossis daus txhua xyoo. Feem ntau ntawm lawv poob tawm nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm zenithal rains; Feem ntau qhov no tshwm sim thaum hmo ntuj los yog tom qab tav su, thiab rains feem ntau nrog cov thunderstorms. Zoo siab rau tag nrho cov kev zoo nkauj ntawm Kalahari tuaj yeem cia rau hauv lub caij ntuj nag.
Lub hnub yog sawv nyob rau hauv nruab nrab lub sij hawm high saum toj no lub qab ntug, txawm nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no. Vim hais tias ntawm qhov tsawg humidity ntawm huab tshaj Kalahari yuav luag tsis tshwm sim. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov huab cua sov so rau + 35 ° C los yog ntau dua hauv nruab hnub, cov av heats tuaj kom ntau tias cov neeg hauv zos txawm tsis tuaj yeem mus taug kev ntawm no. Txawm li cas los, vim yog qhov qis qis, lub tshav kub yog hloov tau yooj yim.
Hmo ntuj kub txawm nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov muaj qis dua - ncig + 15 ... + 18 ° C. Thaum lub caij ntuj no, thaum tsaus ntuj, tus pas ntsuas kub mus rau 0 ° C, thiab nce mus txog + 20 ° C thiab siab dua hauv nruab hnub.
Kalahari Rivers
Tus nto moo tshaj plaws yog lub Kalahari - Okavango; nws paub yog vim nws tsis mus nyob qhov twg: thoob plaws hauv txoj kev ntev ntev (qhov ntev ntawm tus dej yog 1600 km, nws occupies plaub qhov chaw hauv South Africa ntev), Okavango loses txog li 95% ntawm nws cov noo noo, uas tsuas evaporates ntawm nws qhov chaw.
Tus dej xaus rau hauv cov swamps nyob rau hauv lub hnub poob ntawm Kalahari. Lub Okavango yog ib feem ntawm tus ciam ntawm Namibia thiab Botswana. Thiab thaum lub caij los nag, nws ua rau nws cov dej nrog Lake Ngami. Tseem muaj lwm cov dej ntws hauv Kalahari: Nosop, Molopo thiab Avob. Lawv sau nrog dej thaum lub caij ntuj nag, thiab lwm zaus lawv qhuav.
Tseem muaj cov pas dej ntawm no: nyob rau hauv Makgadikgadi hollow muaj ib lub pas dej loj ntawm tib lub npe, uas yog ib qho ntawm cov dej loj tshaj plaws hauv lub pas dej hauv ntiaj teb, as Well as Soa thiab Ntvetve reservoirs.
Lub ntiaj teb zaub ntawm cov suab puam
Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, Kalahari tsis yog raws nraim ib suab puam hauv qhov kev xav li ib txwm ntawm lo lus. Nws yog ib qho tsis yog ib lub savannah, nyob rau hauv uas xeromorphic nroj tsuag loj hlob. Ntawm no yog hom mob:
- ohn;
- antelpy dib;
- crotalia;
- ziziphus;
- tim tebchaws tim tebchaws;
- terminal;
- hudiya gordony;
- dawb-haired bosce;
- tus tswv yug yaj ntoo.
Cov chaw loj yuav npog nrog qus watermelon tsam. Lawv feem ntau cawm neeg thiab tsiaj los ntawm nqhis dej.
Fauna ntawm Kalahari
Fauna ntawm cov suab puam yog ntau ntau tshaj qhov nws muaj. Cov "tsiaj" ntawm Kalahari yog, tau kawg, tsov ntxhuav. Kuj tseem me me me ntawm no: leopards, hyenas, South African foxes. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv cov suab puam xws li tsiaj xws li:
- marsupial nas;
- ib tug aub tsiv;
- nees nkaum;
- tus pog txiv;
- giraffe;
- antelopes - wildebeest thiab jumpers;
- tus stalwart.
Tab sis cov ntxhuav nyob hauv Kalahari tsis pom. Tiam sis ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom ntau hom noog sib txawv, zoo li cov tsiaj reptiles - nab thiab lizards.
Pejxeem
Nyob rau hauv cov suab puam muaj ntau pawg neeg. Bushmen Kalahari nyob los ntawm kev yos hav zoov thiab sib sau ua ke.
Yuav ua li cas kom tau txais Kalahari?
Nws tsis tsim nyog mus rau tom suab puam los ntawm koj tus kheej; nws yog qhov zoo dua mus yuav ib qho kev npaj tos. Feem ntau nws suav nrog kev mus xyuas Kalahari, tab sis kuj mus rau Namib suab puam.