Cephalosporins yog ib pawg coob ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas ua haujlwm heev, thawj zaug uas tau nrhiav tau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Txij thaum ntawd los, ntau lwm cov neeg ua hauj lwm antimicrobial ntawm pawg neeg no tau tshawb pom, thiab lawv cov khoom xyaw semisynthetic tau muab coj los ua ke. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm, tsib tiam ntawm cephalosporins raug cais.
Lub ntsiab ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob no yog ua kom puas rau ntawm cov kab mob ntawm tes, uas tom qab ua rau lawv tuag. Cephalosporins yog siv los kho kab mob los ntawm kab mob gram-negative, thiab cov kab mob Gram-positive, yog tias tshuaj tua kab mob los ntawm pawg neeg hu ua penicillin tau pom tias tsis muaj zog.
Muaj kev npaj los ntawm pawg neeg ntawm cephalosporins rau cov neeg mob hauv qhov ncauj thiab cov tshuaj siv. Hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj, cov cephalosporins uas yog 1, 2 thiab 3 tshaj tawm raug tso tawm, thiab cov 4th thiab 5th tiam ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm cov pab pawg no tsuas yog npaj rau kev tswj hwm kev noj qab haus huv. Qhov no yog vim tsis yog tag nrho cov tshuaj muaj feem xyuam nrog cephalosporins yog absorbed los ntawm txoj hnyuv. Raws li txoj cai, cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj yuav tsum tau txhaj rau cov kab mob me me rau cov kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob sab nraud.
Sau npe ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm cephalosporin hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj
Xav txog seb cov cephalosporins yuav siv tau qhov ncauj, thaum faib lawv raws li cov tiam neeg.
Cephalosporins 1 cim hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj
Cov no suav nrog:
- Cephalexin;
- Cefadroxil.
Cov tshuaj no yog cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm cov teebmeem, nrog rau kev txo qis ntawm cov kab mob gram-negative. Feem ntau, lawv raug pom zoo rau kev kho mob ntawm cov mob tsis zoo, ntawm cov nqaij mos, pob txha, pob qij txha thiab ENT cov kab mob hauv lub cev los ntawm tus mob streptococci thiab staphylococci. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, rau kev kho mob ntawm sinusitis thiab otitis, cov tshuaj no tsis raug qhia vim lawv tsis zoo nkag mus rau hauv nruab nrab pob ntseg thiab mus rau hauv lub qhov ntswg.
Qhov sib txawv ntawm Cephadroxil los ntawm Cephalexin yog tias qhov tom kawg yog tus ncua sij hawm ntev ntawm qhov kev txiav txim, uas tso cai rau koj kom txo tau cov zaus noj tshuaj. Hauv qee qhov mob, thaum pib kev kho, cephalosporins ntawm lub cim 1 hauv daim ntawv txhaj tshuaj tuaj yeem raug muab coj los txuas ntxiv mus rau daim ntawv hloov tshuaj.
Cephalosporins 2 tiam hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj
Ntawm cov tshuaj ntawm no subgroup:
- Cefaclor;
- Cefuroxime axetil.
Cov kab mob ntawm ob-tiam cephalosporin kev tawm tsam kab mob gram-negative bacteria ntau dua li ntawm thawj tiam neeg. Cov ntsiav tshuaj muaj peev xwm ua tau nrog:
- Kab mob inflammatory cov kab mob hauv siab thiab qis qis (tonsillitis, pharyngitis, ntev bronchitis, zej zog nrhiav tus kab mob pneumonia);
- kis kab mob ntawm cov kab mob urinary;
- cov mob tsis zoo ntawm daim tawv nqaij, cov kab mob ntawm cov nqaij mos, cov pob txha thiab cov pob qij txha.
Vim tias Cefaclor tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom siv nyob hauv nruab nrab pob ntseg, nws tsis yog siv rau cov kab mob otitis, thiab Cefuroxime axetil yuav siv tau rau qhov no. Hauv qhov no, cov kab mob tua cov kab mob ntawm ob qho tib si yog qhov zoo sib xws, tab sis Cefaclor tsis tshua muaj zog hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog cov kab mob pneumococci thiab ib tus pas hu ua hemophilic.
Cephalosporins 3 tiam hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj
Qhov thib peb tiam ntawm cephalosporins muaj xws li:
- Cefixime;
- Tshaj tawm.
Cov nta ntawm cov tshuaj no:
- ntau dua kev ua haujlwm nrog rau enterobacteria thiab Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- cov khoom zoo heev ntawm cov tshuaj;
- zoo nkag mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg.
Cov tshuaj tua kab mob no feem ntau yog thaum kws:
- ntev bronchitis los ntawm ib tus pas nrig thiab hem ntshav qab zib;
- urinary huam mob los ntawm tus kab mob multiresistant.
Cefixime kuj tseem muaj tshuaj kho rau gonorrhea thiab shigellosis.