Kev npaj muaj cov khoom sib deev cov tshuaj hormones yog ib txoj kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws thiab niaj hnub siv rau cov poj niam. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov nyiaj los ntawm kev xeeb tub, yog tias siv tau, nce mus txog 99-100%. Txoj kev siv cov tshuaj zoo li cas yog nyob ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm lawv cov kev xaiv.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau poj niam - hom ntsiav tshuaj
Muaj 2 hom tshuaj siv hauv kev saib xyuas, txhua tus uas muaj nws tus kheej lub cev. Hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kabmob qhov ncauj:
- Progestin (mini-haus). Kev Ua Tau Zoo - txog 95-96%, yog cov kev nyab xeeb siab tshaj plaws.
- Combined (COC). Kev ua haujlwm - txog li 100%, muaj kev tsis haum xeeb, qee zaum ua rau muaj kev phom sij tsis zoo.
Mini-saws
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv pawg neeg no muaj tsawg npaum licas ntawm cov ntshiab progestin (progestagen), uas yog ib qho hluavtaws analogue ntawm kev sib deev hormone progesterone (ua rau cov zes qe menyuam). Qhov ncauj tiv thaiv menyuam yaus nrog cov tshuaj minipill yog rau cov poj niam uas tsis raug tso cai los haus COCs. Progestin tshuaj ua rau lub cev sib zog, tiam sis tiv thaiv tsis tau xeeb me nyuam ntxiv.
Muab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qhov ncauj
Hom tshuaj uas tau piav qhia muaj xws li cov khoom siv hluavtaws thiab cov khoom siv roj ntsha ntawm analog. Xws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yuav ua tau ib leeg, ob- thiab peb theem, nyob ntawm seb yuav noj cov tshuaj hormones. Cov COC ua hauj lwm nrog qhov siab tshaj plaws, ncav 100%, tab sis tsis haum rau txhua tus poj niam. Nws yog ib qho txaus ntshai los xaiv lawv ntawm nws tus kheej, lub qhov ncauj ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv qhov ua ke yog tus kheej sau los ntawm ib tus kws kho mob pojniam.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ua hauj lwm ua hauj lwm li cas?
Lub tswv yim ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev xeeb tub rau mini-pili thiab COC yog txawv. Cov ntsiab lus piav qhia txog kev siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv kev ua hauj lwm li cas:
- Concentration ntawm mucus nyob rau hauv lub ncauj tsev menyuam. Qhov no tiv thaiv qhov tso cai ntawm cov phev rau lub qe.
- Hloov cov hnoos qeev (glandular regression) hauv daim phiaj rau lub tsev menyuam. Txawm hais tias tus spermatozoon tswj kom "ua txhaum los ntawm" thiab fertilize lub qe, nws tsis xa nws tus kheej.
- Kev qeeb ntawm peristalsis ntawm cov hlab ntaws. Feem ntau, lub qe tuag ua ntej fertilization, ua ntej nws ncav lub mucosa.
Tshuaj tiv thaiv kabmob ntawm hom tshuaj ua ke zoo li cov teebmeem, tabsis lawv kuj muaj lwm yam teebmeem:
- Tshem tawm qhov kev tso tawm ntawm qhov ntswg thiab cov luteinizing hormone hauv cov pituitary caj pas;
- thaiv cov haujlwm ntawm lub zes qe menyuam;
- tiv thaiv qhov pib ntawm ovulation .
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv - uas kuv yuav tsum xaiv?
Kev teem caij cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kabmob qhov ncauj yog ua los ntawm ib tus kws kuaj mob gynecologist. Tsuas yog ib tus kws kho mob muaj peev xwm sau tau tshuaj noj kom tsis txhob muaj menyuam yaus - uas zoo dua rau tus poj niam tshwj xeeb, yog txiav txim siab raws li cov txheej xwm:
- hnub nyoog;
- hormonal keeb kwm yav dhau;
- kev cai lij choj-txheeb raws roj ntsha (kev loj hlob, kev ntev ntawm kev coj khaub ncaws, kev hnyav dua lwm tus poj niam txiv neej thiab lwm yam ntxwv);
- tus cwj pwm phem;
- ua ntej yug los yog rho menyuam tawm;
- concentration ntawm qab zib hauv cov ntshav;
- muaj cov kab mob ntawm cov kev ua me nyuam thiab kev ua rau endocrine pathologies;
- ntshav siab npaum li cas;
- lub cev hnyav;
- tawv nqaij;
- kev pom tseeb tseeb;
- lub siab ua haujlwm;
- cov ntshav coagulation ua haujlwm;
- muaj cov neoplasms hauv lub plab hnyuv siab raum ntawm lub plab me me thiab cov qog nqaij hlav hauv tsev;
- kev sib deev ua si.
Cov poj niam feem ntau yog cov tshuaj tua tau me nyuam ua ke. Yog tias qhov tsis zoo rau lawv siv, tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo xaiv lwm hom kev tiv thaiv kab mob, piv txwv li, cov khoom siv (cov hnab looj khab (hnab looj khab), los yog siv lub thawv me me:
- Tshaj;
- Chaav;
- Yug muag;
- Continulin;
- Organometr thiab analogues.
Cov tshuaj tua kabmob tomqab yug menyuam
Cov pab pawg no tau muab kho rau hauv cov neeg raug rho tawm, thaum tsim nyog rau kev cuam tshuam qhov kev xeeb tub uas yuav tsum tau ua sai sai. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no yog tom qab sib thab (tam sim ntawd). Kev siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum muaj xwm txheej pib ua ntej pib, qhov zoo tshaj yuav yog siv lawv. Lawv provoke tuag ntawm lub qe fertilized (tshuaj "micro-rho menyuam").
Tus Postinor dhau los yuav tsum tau txais tsis pub dhau 2 hnub tom qab tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, thiab zoo dua - hauv thawj ob peb teev. Niaj hnub cov tshuaj ua hauj lwm softer thiab kev ruaj ntseg dua, tab sis ntau dua. Nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau haus dej haus cawv tom qab ntawm txoj cai li ntawm 3-4 hnub:
- Tus poj niam;
- NorLevo;
- Escapel;
- Mifegin;
- ElEva thiab cov analogues.
Monophase COCs
Daim ntawv no ntawm kev tswj kom tsis txhob muaj menyuam yaus muaj qhov ua piv txwv ntawm progestogen thiab estrogen hauv txhua lub ntsiav tshuaj. Cov koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yuav tsis hloov raws li lub caij nyoog ntawm kev coj khaub ncaws. Cov txiaj ntsim ntawm hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog:
- tus nqi pheej yig;
- universality;
- nyob rau ntau lub xyoo ntawm kev paub.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom txhob muaj menyuam yaus tshaj plaws los ntawm pab pawg neeg ntawm ib theem ib zaug COCs feem ntau tau hais kom kho cov kab mob loj xws li gynecological:
- uterine fibroids ;
- polycystic zes qe menyuam ;
- endometriosis thiab lwm yam kab mob.
Nrov ib theem ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yug me nyuam - lub npe:
- Logest;
- Janine;
- Silhouette;
- Femoden;
- Anova thiab analogues.
Ob-theem COCs
Hom tshuaj pharmacological no yog tsim los txhawm rau kwv yees txog cov khoom cua uas siv coj los rau lawv cov kev hloov hauv lub cev hauv cov poj niam lub cev thaum lub cev ntas. Hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tau piav, tsuas yog cov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj no tsis hloov. Cov koob tshuaj progesterone sib txawv rau thawj zaug thiab zaum ib nrab ntawm lub voj voog.
Yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm ob hom kab mob twg yog cov kws kho mob sau los ntawm gynecologists:
- Femoston;
- Sequilar;
- Neo-Eunomine;
- Adepal;
- Bifazil thiab lwm tus.
Peb-theem COCs
Nyob rau hauv txhua pob ntawm cov kev npaj xws li 3 hom ntsiav tshuaj muaj ntau cov tshuaj hormones. Peb-theem COCs ntawm lub cim tshiab yog tsim nrog ntau npaum li cas ntawm progesterone thiab estrogen sib npaug rau lawv cov kev hloov hauv ntuj thaum lub caij nyoog qis ntawm kev coj khaub ncaws (follicular, luteal, ovulation). Cov lus hais txog kev tiv thaiv tsis tuaj yeem pom tau tias yuav siv tau zoo dua qub dhau los. Qee cov poj niam muaj ntau dua rau cov neeg ua hauj lwm mono- or biphasic.
Cov tshuaj twg uas siv tshuaj tua kab mob yuav tsum tau noj (ntawm cov lus piav qhia):
- Milvanes;
- Peb-Hlub;
- Peb-Regol;
- Marvelon;
- Trisilete thiab analogues.
Yuav ua li cas haus dej txwv tsis pub noj tshuaj?
Tag nrho cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv qhov ncauj yog siv sib luag. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tias kev noj tshuaj hauv tshuaj noj kom tsis txhob ua raws li cov lus qhia rau lawv thiab cov lus pom zoo ntawm tus kws kho mob poj niam. Cov kev cai yooj yim:
- Lub ntsiav tshuaj yog pib ntawm thawj hnub ntawm qhov pib ntawm kev coj khaub ncaws.
- Tshuaj tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv yuav tsum qaug dej qaug txhua txhua hnub. Yuav kom tsis txhob hnov qab txog nws, nws yog qhov zoo dua los khaws ib lub pob nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw uas ib tug poj niam feem ntau peeps - ib lub hnab zoo nkauj, ib lub txee rau hauv chav dej, nyob ze ntawm daim iav.
- Muaj ib hnub siv 1 ntsiav tshuaj, dua li ntawm ib lub sij hawm.
- Thaum cov ntsiav tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub qhov me me lawm (lawv yog 21-28 pieces), noj ib so rau 7 hnub. Lub sijhawm lub lim tiam no, yuav muaj kev ntxhov siab tsawg, xws li kev ua poj niam. Ib qho tsuas yog cov mini-pili, lawv yuav tsum tau qaug dej qaug cawv tsis cuam tshuam.
- Thaum kawg ntawm 7 hnub, rov pib siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
- Yog tias tam sim ntawd tom qab noj tshuaj, lub ntuav tshwm sim, koj yuav tsum haus ib qho ntxiv. Hauv 24 xuab moos nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau tiv thaiv los ntawm kev siv hnab yas .
- Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ploj lawm lub ntsiav tshuaj, nws yog ib lub tswv yim kom noj cov ntsiav tshuaj tom ntej me ntsis ua ntej. Doubling qhov koob tshuaj hauv qhov xwm txheej no tsis yooj yim sua, tsuas yog muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntxiv.
- Thaum siv lwm cov tshuaj hormonal nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia, nco ntsoov mus sab laj nrog ib tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb.
Contraceptive pills - phiv tshuaj
Tag nrho cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb tshwm sim yog muab faib ua 2 pawg - me thiab loj. Hormonal contraceptive pills ua rau cov kev mob tshwm sim me:
- xeev siab;
- deterioration ntawm qab los noj mov;
- mob taub hau;
- tsis muaj siab kev sib deev;
- los ntshav ntawm qhov chaw mos ntawm pojniam;
- phaus nce;
- kiv taub hau;
- o ntawm qis pob txha;
- flatulence;
- chloasma;
- ua pob ua rau tawv nqaij;
- puffiness thiab rhiab ntawm lub mis;
- ua tiav kev qhaj kev ua tiav;
- nce cov plaub hau kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev;
- rov tshwm sim dua;
- photosensitivity.
Qee lub caij yug me nyuam muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev phom sij:
- hemicranium;
- migraine;
- tsaus muag;
- fallout ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub tshav pob ntawm saib, deterioration ntawm nws sharpness;
- glaucoma;
- urticaria;
- nyuaj hais lus;
- teeb meem nrog txoj hlab ntsws (ntub hnoos, hnoos thom khwm ntawm cov hnoos qeev, hawb pob);
- mob mob hauv siab;
- ntshav siab jumps;
- ntsws muaj zog;
- varicose leeg;
- digestive mob;
- ntsuas phoo;
- jaundice;
- kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlwv ntawm cov zes qe menyuam;
- hais tau thiab mob heev o ntawm ob txhais ceg nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam calf.
Tshuaj tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv - kev tsis sib haum xeeb
Qee cov poj niam raug txwv tsis pub siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qhov ncauj. Hauv COCs, nws tsis tuaj yeem haus cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj menyuam yaus nrog HB (lactation), thaum lub sijhawm cev xeeb tub thiab rau 1.5 lub hlis tom qab yug me nyuam. Lwm cov kev tsis haum xeeb rau kev siv yeeb siv tshuaj:
- kab mob cerebrovascular;
- pathology ntawm daim siab;
- herpes;
- Kev haus luam yeeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum muaj hnub nyoog 35 thiab tshaj;
- migraine ntawm ib qho tsis paub txog xwm;
- kab mob plawv;
- los ntshav los ntawm qhov chaw mos;
- raum puas tsuaj;
- kub siab 2-3 degrees;
- lub caij nyoog immobility;
- mob cancer;
- nyhav dhau (tshaj 30% ntawm tus qauv);
- ntshav qab zib mellitus;
- pathology ntawm cov ntshav coagulation system;
- rheumatoid kev mob caj dab;
- thyrotoxicosis;
- bronchial hawb pob;
- Gilbert's syndrome;
- kabmob retinitis thiab lwm tus.
Thaum nug tias seb puas muaj peev xwm haus cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj menyuam hauv plab nrog cov ntshiab progestin thaum lactation, cov kws kho mob teb zoo. Mini-pills muaj tsis ntxim rau cov mis nyuj thiab feem ntau muaj tsawg contraindications:
- ectopic cev xeeb tub nyob rau hauv anamnesis;
- oncology;
- mob ntsws mob;
- pathology ntawm lub plawv thiab cov hlab ntsha;
- idiopathic qhov chaw mos ntshav.
Tshem tawm ntawm kev tswj kom tsis txhob muaj menyuam yaus
Cov kws kho mob muaj peev xwm tshaj tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev ntev, ntev xyoo thiab txawm ntev txog kaum xyoo. Rau lub sijhawm ntev, qhov kev kho me nyuam yaus ua kom noj cov tshuaj hormones los ntawm sab nraud, yog li tom qab lawv tso tseg, muaj kev vam meej voj voog, qhov tsis ruaj khov, qis dua plab thiab lwm cov tsos mob. Lawv tsis yog los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov poj niam, tab sis los ntawm kev rov qab los ntawm lub cev rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev npaj rau kev siv tshuaj yaj yeeb. Thaum cov hormonal tom qab stabilizes, xws li cov paib yuav ploj lawv tus kheej.