Pib ib tug kws yees duab kev ua haujlwm, lossis tsuas yog yuav ib daim iav tsev rau thawj zaug, koj yuav tsum paub tias qhov kev xav tau ntawm cov duab nws yog qhov tseem ceeb kom tau txais tsis zoo tsuas yog kev zoo, tab sis kuj yog lub lens. Yuav ua li cas xaiv lub lens uas yog siab rau koj cov lus nug tsis yog ib qho yooj yim ua hauj lwm.
Cov cuab yeej ntawm lub lens ntawm ib lub koob yees duab specular
Ua ntej yuav mus rau lo lus nug seb yuav xaiv ib lub lens twg rau lub koob yees duab, peb tham txog seb lub lens yog dab tsi, vim li cas nws thiaj xav tau, thiab vim li cas nws yuav tsum raug nrog txhua qhov loj rau nws xaiv. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm lub lens yog sau cov teeb, kom pom tseeb thiab ua kom tiav rau hauv daim iav ntawm lub koob yees duab. Vim li cas peb thiaj xav tau tus qauv tsim ntawm ntau qhov lo ntsiab muag, yog tias muaj ib lub rooj sib tham txaus los ua txoj hauj lwm no?
Thaum lub teeb kis tau los ntawm lub lens, peb tau txais ib tug ntau ntawm optical aberrations, uas yuav adversely cuam tshuam qhov zoo ntawm daim duab. Yog li, yuav kom kho qhov teeb pom kev zoo, ntau ntau lo ntsiab muag coj los qhia, muab lub lens qhov tsis tsim nyog - aperture, focal ntev. Tus naj npawb ntawm qhov muag pom tau tuaj yeem mus txog ob lub teb los sis ntau dua. Cov lo ntsiab muag niaj hnub no muaj xws li cov tswv yim pabcuam uas ua kom pom tseeb, ua haujlwm, thiab tswj cov diaphragm. Lub rooj sib hais pab cuam txuas mus txuas rau tag nrho cov ntsiab lus thiab taw rau lub koob yees duab SLR.
Dab tsi yog lub lens rau ib lub koob yees duab SLR?
Lub koob yees duab iav yog ib hom tub rog thoob ntiaj teb, uas, raws li nws cov yam ntxwv, muaj peev xwm tiv nrog ntau yam dej num - txav duab shooting, studio, toj roob hauv pes, dynamic. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum muab cov yas qiv siab ceev, thiab koj lub koob yees duab yuav ua kom zoo nkauj cov duab uas muaj lub siab txhais thiab qhov tob ntawm daim teb, tus "fisheye" lens yuav ua kom cov duab thaij duab yees duab. Ntawd yog, yuav kom koom nrog lwm hom shooting, koj tsis tas yuav hloov cov cuab yeej, koj yuav tsum paub qhov lens xaiv rau koj lub hom phiaj.
Hom lenses rau SLR koob yees duab
Nyob ntawm cov qauv kev kawm thiab cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm, muaj cov hom nram qab no lo ntsiab muag rau SLR lub koob yees duab:
- Whale lens . Qhov lens no, uas yog lub neej nrog nkag nrog SLR lub koob yees duab tshiab. Feem ntau ntawm cov pib kev thaij duab nrog nws pib lawv paub nrog lub ntiaj teb ntawm photography. Nws yog txaus rau cov amateur tsev cov duab, tab sis nws yuav siv tsis tau rau kev yees duab.
- Lub lens nrog lub nruam focal ntev . Cov lensous lo ntsiab muag, uas muab qhov loj qhov tob ntawm daim teb thiab tsuas yog siv rau portrait photography, raug hu ua "portraits" los yog "Kho".
- Macro lens . Feem ntau lo ntsiab muag lo ntsiab muag muaj ib qhov kev ua "macro", tab sis rau kev yees duab ntawm cov khoom me me, yuav tsum tau qhia meej meej, thiab qhov zoo tshaj plaws tau tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog kev pab ntawm lub lens macro.
- Telephoto lens . Vim lub focal ntev, xws li lo ntsiab muag yog siv rau shooting tsiaj thiab noog hauv cov qus, thiab cov khoom uas tsis tau approached ze. Qee cov qauv muaj cov duab thaij duab kom tus kws yees duab txhais tes tsis txhob txav ib daim duab ntawm lub sijhawm ntev heev.
- Lens wide-angle , uas hu ua fisheye, tso cai rau koj mus ntes ib lub zeem muag loj, ua qhov zoo rau kev ntes cov vaj tse, khoom siv vaj tse lossis sab hauv tsev. Txawm nrog lawv cov kev pabcuam koj tuaj yeem tau txais kev hnav khaub ncaws nrog kev xav tob tshaj qub.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lo ntsiab muag rau SLR koob yees duab
Nrog ib qho kev cais me me, cov lus nug txog kev xaiv ib lub lens tsis yooj yim. Nws tsis yog yuav tsum tau los yuav qhov lenses zoo tshaj plaws rau SLR lub koob yees duab - yog tias qhov ntaus nws tus kheej yog qhov nyiaj-luv nqi, lub lens qib siab tsuas qhia tsis tau nws tus kheej. Kuv yuav tsum xyuam xim thaum xaiv ib lub lens?
- Focal ntev yog ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb uas pom tau tias ntau npaum li cas lub lens approximates los yog detaches tus kawm. Nws kuj muaj lo ntsiab muag nrog lub nras focal ntev, siv los yees duab duab.
- Aperture . Qhov kev ntsuas no pom tau tias ntau npaum li cas lub teeb yuav tsum mus rau lub koob yees duab duab. Tus nqi ntawm lub aperture yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub lens qhib, uas kis tau lub teeb los ntawm cov lo ntsiab muag. Lenses xim luminous muab ib qho sharper thiab sharper duab, tso cai rau koj mus tua nrog tsawg kawg ntawm lub suab nrov thiab me ntsis shutter ceev, uas tiv thaiv blurring ntawm lub thav duab.
- Image stabilizer . Feem ntau cov lo ntsiab muag niaj hnub no nruab nrog qhov kev ua no, yog li ntawd lub thav duab tsis ploj vim yog kev tshee ntawm tus kws yees duab txhais tes. Qhov kev ua no tseem ceeb heev rau cov lo ntsiab muag uas muaj qhov ntev focal.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv lens focal ntev?
Ua ntej xaiv lub lens rau lub koob yees duab, peb tham txog lub koob yees duab nws tus kheej. Lub ntsiab parameter ntawm lub "SLR", raws li uas peb txiav txim xyuas cov txheej txheem kev los yog cov amateur qib - yog qhov luaj li cas hauv daim phiaj. Nyob rau hauv cov koob yees duab kev thev naj npawb thev naus laus zuj zus hauv kev loj hlob, hauv qhov kev lag luam qis dua thiab qis qis dua txo, lub caij no yog hu ua "crop factor".
Ua ntej yuav xaiv txoj kev lens, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum xav txog tias lub lens txav tag nrho cov duab, tab sis txhua yam ntawm nws yuav poob rau hauv matrix, los yog tsuas yog ib feem ntawm nws nyob ntawm qhov loj. Nws hloov tawm hais tias ntawm qoob loo matrices ib feem ntawm daim duab raug txiav tawm, thiab daim duab nws tus kheej nce ntau tshaj li cov thawv txhua. Yog li, yog tias peb xaiv lub lens portrait, peb tuaj yeem nqa tau 50 hli rau Daim Phiaj Tag Nrho, kawg 35 hli rau qoob loo.
Thaum xaiv ib lub lens wide-angle, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum xav txog qhov loj me ntawm qhov cim tseg. Rau lub koob yees duab full-SLR, ib lub lens ultra-wide-angle ("ntses qhov muag") yuav tsum muaj lub focal ntev ntawm 7-8 hli mus txog 24, ib qhov lens zoo-wide-angle - ntawm 24 mus rau 35 hli. Yog tias peb tabtom ntsuam xyuas nrog qhov qoob loo, qhov deb yuav tsum tau nce 1.6 zaus.
Lub lens zoo dua los xaiv?
Peb to taub cov ntsiab lus tsis zoo ntawm cov lo ntsiab muag, tab sis yuav ua li cas to taub lawv cov ntau yam, yuav ua li cas xaiv ib lub lens rau SLR lub koob yees duab hauv koj qhov kev thov, yog tias koj tseem yog ib tug beginner hauv photography? Wb tham hauv cov ncauj lus kom meej txog qhov no thiab lwm yam lo ntsiab muag muaj peev xwm ua rau tes hauj lwm.
Dab tsi lens xaiv ib tug beginner kws yees duab?
Yog tias koj tsuas xav tau ntsib nrog SLR lub koob yees duab, cov cuab yeej zoo yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav, thiab lub lens yuav tsum yog cov chav kawm ntawv uas tsim nyog. Rau cov pib, koj tuaj yeem siv ob lub lo ntsiab muag - lub pob tawb rau kev tua xwm txheej, lub nroog, cov xwm txheej, thiab kev lag luam zoo nkauj. Ib daim phiaj siv nyiaj txiag siv lens yog lub lens nrog lub luminous siv ntawm 1.8, qauv kim kim uas muaj nqis 1.4. Tus twg los xaiv nws yog nyob ntawm koj qhov peev txheej tau nyiaj txiag. Cov lus nug txog kev xaiv lub lens whales tsis muaj nyob - nws los nrog lub koob yees duab.
Dab tsi lens xaiv rau studio shooting?
Nyob rau hauv lub studio, ib tus neeg feem ntau yog tua nyob rau hauv tag nrho qhov siab, thiab cheeb tsam ntawm chav tsev tsis yog ib txwm loj, thiab lub lens nyob deb-yuav tsis ua hauj lwm rau peb. Kev pom kev tov, yuav ua li cas xaiv lub lens rau SLR lub koob yees duab hauv lub studio, yuav yuav ib lub lens nrog focal ntev ntawm 24 hli. Kev ntshiab thiab zoo nkauj nkhaus, thiab ntau ntau xim, nws yog qhov zoo dua yuav khoom L Lens, tiam sis tus nqi rau nws yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Lub lens twg xaiv rau tus yees duab ntawm lub tsev?
Rau hauv tsev tua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias tsev neeg muaj me nyuam yaus, nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum ua tus ncej sai, tsis ntev thiab kev kho kom haum. Rau tej lub hom phiaj, ib lub lens yooj yooj yim yuav haum - cov duab yuav muaj txoj sia, muaj xim thiab zoo. Yog tias koj xav tau ntau dua los ntawm cov duab, koj tuaj yeem tau yuav ib lub lens duab. Lwm yam hom lenses rau SLR koob yees duab tuaj yeem siv tsis tau zoo hauv tsev.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv ib lub lens rau portrait shooting?
Xaiv lub lens portrait tsis nyuaj, thiab muaj ob lub ntsiab lus. Thawj qhov kev xaiv yog qhov kev lag luam ntawm lub lens nrog ib tug focal ntev ntawm 35 mm los yog 50 hli (qhov thib ob xaiv yog ntau nrov). Rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm portraits, nws yog qhov zoo uas yuav them sai sai rau lub version 1.2 ntawm L series - cov duab yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm tob sharpness, ib tug zoo nkauj qhov muag plooj keeb kwm yav dhau thiab ntse contours. Muaj ntau tus nqi pheej yig - 1.4, uas tseem tso cai rau koj kom koj nyiam kev yees duab.
Qhov thib ob version ntawm lub lens rau tsim zoo nkauj portraits yog ib tug lens nrog ib tug focal ntev ntawm 24-70 mm, uas nyob rau ntawm tus nqi siab tshaj plaws muab ib tug tob sharpness thiab ib txwm ploj tom qab. Ntxiv rau no lens yog tias nws muaj peev xwm yuav raug siv rau studio shooting, lub disadvantage ntawm cov tshuaj no yog qhov tsis txaus siab ntawm shooting portraits los ntawm ib tug ntev deb.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv ib lub lens rau ib qho kev tshawb fawb?
Kev tshawb nrhiav cov lus nug yuav txawv, thiab qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev yees duab, piv txwv li, tais diav, yog me ntsis txawv dua li cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Rau cov khoom loj, koj siv tau cov lens saum toj no-hais nrog lub focal ntev ntawm 24-70, rau tej yam me me uas koj yuav tsum tau tsuas yog siv lo ntsiab muag macro, uas txig txhua cov ntsiab lus.
Dab tsi lens xaiv cov yees duab shooting?
Nug cov lus nug, piv txwv li, lub lens xaiv lub tshoob, ntau tus neeg xav kom "tua ob lub noog nrog ib pob zeb" hauv ib qho hlab ntsha tawg thiab tuaj tos lub lens tua cov yees duab. Yog tias ua tau, nws zoo dua tsis ua qhov no, vim hais tias kev yees duab shooting hauv lub koob yees duab iav yog ib qho haujlwm ntxiv. Ntau tshaj tawm tau hais txog qhov tseeb tias tsis muaj qhov kev ua yees duab hauv kev siv phototechnics. Yog tias koj xav tau cov ntaub ntawv yees duab ntawm lub koob yees duab, xaiv lo ntsiab muag uas muab qhov tob qhov tob ntawm daim teb, thiab teem lub qhov qhib siab tshaj plaws rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv, txwv tsis pub txoj kev ua kom pom tseeb yuav ua txhua yam.
Uas lens xaiv rau kev ua hauj lwm?
Kev thaij duab toj roob hauv pes, feem ntau koj xav tsim ib tus cwj pwm, hais txog qhov zoo nkauj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv qhov chaw zoo nkauj thiab ua rau nws lub suab nrov. Zoo nkauj tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov duab nrog lub dav saib loj, thiab cov nyhuv no tsuas yog siv lub lens wide-angle uas yog los npog lub kaum sab xis loj dua li lwm yam lo ntsiab muag.
Rau kev txawv txav artistic photography, koj tuaj yeem siv ultra-wide-angle lo ntsiab muag, uas muab kev tshwj xeeb kev xa duab distortions nrog ib qhov muag pom nyhuv. Thaum peb xaiv lub lens rau toj roob hauv pes, nqe qeb yog ib qho tseem ceeb - L series yuav tsim cov duab zoo nkauj tshaj, tab sis nws tus nqi yuav tsis nplua txhua tus. Tab sis nrog rau cov theem ntawm kev txawj thiab kev muaj duab ntawm photoshop, koj yuav txaus siab thiab ntau hom qauv siv tau.
Qhov twg dav lub lens xaiv?
Yog tias peb xaiv lub lens wide-angle, peb xav txog lo ntsiab muag nrog lub nras focal ntawm 24 mus rau 40 hli. Xws li lub lens yuav ua kom muaj tiag tiag tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog qhov kev xav, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov duab ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, interiors. Lom zem-kaum lo ntsiab muag yog ob hom, thiab txhua tus muaj nws cov pros thiab cons.
- Nrog rau qhov ntev focal ntev. Qhov zoo ntawm cov dluab yuav zoo dua, yog li tus nqi yog siab zog. Xws li lo ntsiab muag muaj qhov teeb meem loj - nws tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees duab, thiab qee qhov nws tsis tshua phim heev.
- Nrog variable focal ntev. Qhov zoo ntawm daim duab yog me ntsis txo, tab sis ib qho tseem ceeb ntxiv yog qhov peev xwm coj qhov shooting scene los ze zog.
Muaj lwm qhov tseem ceeb - muaj ntau lub-lens lo ntsiab muag thiab lub diaphragm tas li thiab hloov. Yog tias tus F tus ntawv sau tau sau rau ntawm lub lens, ces tus nqi ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab yog txiav txim tau, tab sis yog tias ob tug F - qhov qhib tau kho. Qhov qis no, qhov zoo dua koj cov duab yuav yog.