Cov khoom ntawm qhov nceb, nws qhov feature yog rab peev xwm los tawm tsam qee cov kab mob, hu ua tshuaj tua kab mob. Vim yog cov kev ua txhim kho roj ntsha thiab qhov tsis tuaj yeem ua rau tib neeg, beta-lactam antibiotics yog siv dav hauv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob antimicrobial, uas tau ua lub ntsiab ntawm kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob.
Lub tswv yim ntawm kev ua ntawm beta-lactam antibiotics
Lub ntsiab feature ntawm cov tshuaj no yog qhov muaj lub nplhaib beta-lactam, uas txiav txim siab rau lawv cov kev ua si. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb yog tswj tsim kev sib txuas ntawm microbial enzymes lub luag hauj lwm rau qhov tsim tawm ntawm txheej membrane, nrog molecules ntawm penicillins thiab lwm yam tshuaj tua kab mob. Cov kev sib raug zoo pab txhawb kev tsim txom ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob, kev txiav kev txhawj xeeb, uas thaum kawg ua rau lawv tuag.
Kev faib tawm ntawm beta-lactam antibiotics
Muaj plaub hom kev kawm ntawm tshuaj tua kab mob:
1. Penicillins , uas yog cov khoom ntawm kev pauv ntawm ntau hom pentillium fungi. Raws li lawv keeb kwm lawv yog ntuj thiab semi-hluavtaws. Thawj pawg yog faib ua bicillins thiab benzylpenicillins. Nyob rau hauv ob, tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm beta-lactam series yog qhov txawv:
- Ampicillin, lub npe hu ua cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua yeeb yam dav dav;
- Oxacillin, Methicillin - tshuaj, cov nyhuv uas muaj lub voos tsom;
- ureidopenicillins, uas raug muab rhuav tshem los ntawm beta-lactases (Piperacillin, Azlocillin);
- Ua rau cov pob txha cwj pwm, muaj cov beta-lactamase inhibitors (tazobactam, clavulanic acid), uas tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntawm tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov kab mob ( Amoxiclav , Unazin, Sulacilin, Augmentin).
2. Cephalosporins uas tau ua los ntawm fungus Cephalosporium yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv beta-lactamase ntau dua li pab pawg yav dhau los. Muaj xws li cov tshuaj tua kab mob beta-lactam:
- Cephaloridine;
- Ceforaxime;
- Cefotaxime ;
- Cefoxytin.
3. Monobactams , xws li Azrethon. Cov tshuaj no muaj cov ncauj lus me me, vim tias lawv tsis muaj peev xwm ua rau tus tswj cov kab mob strepto- thiab staphylococci. Yog li ntawd, lawv yog cov kws kho mob, tsuas yog tawm tsam gram-tsis fungi. Azthreons feem ntau yog muab los ntawm cov kws kho mob yog tias lawv tsis mob siab rau penicillins.
4. Carbapanemes , uas cov neeg sawv cev yog Meropenem thiab Impenem, muaj rau ntau tus txhais tau tias muaj ntau yam kev loj hlob. Meropenem yog siv rau cov kab mob loj tshaj plaws, thiab yog tias tsis muaj kev txhim kho rau kev noj lwm yam tshuaj.