Nyob hauv qee tus neeg, tus txiv neej muaj qhov txawv xim thiab heterogeneous, uas muaj cov pob, chips thiab lwm yam tsis xws luag. Tus kab mob no hu ua fluorosis, nws muaj kev kawm ntev. Pathology yog qhov tsuas yog siv rau tej qhov chaw, yog li ntawd nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kom tsis pub dhau lub sijhawm.
Fluorosis - kev faib tawm
Muaj 5 yam ntawm tus kab mob hauv kev saib xyuas, uas txawv hauv cov tsos mob thiab qhov hnyav ntawm chav kawm. Thawj 3 hom tshuaj fluorosis tau yooj yim thiab tsis ua rau kom tsis muaj ntaub so ntswg, lwm hom ua rau nws poob. Kev faib tawm muaj xws li cov kab mob hauv qab no:
- dashed;
- pom;
- mellovid-mottled;
- erosive;
- puas tsuaj.
Dashed daim ntawv ntawm fluorosis
Cov kev qhia txog pathology no yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov yooj yim tam sim no, nws tsis tshua pom nyob rau hauv nws cov theem thaum ntxov. Dashed daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj fluorosis yog cov tsos mob los ntawm cov tsos ntawm cov hniav, feem ntau lub hau incisors, ntawm cov chalk me me. Thaum xub thawj lawv yuav luag indistinguishable, tab sis nws thiaj li sib tshuam rau hauv ib qho chaw. Yog tias koj ntsia nws, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav pom cov cwj pwm ntev ntev. Xws li cov tshuaj fluorosis ntawm cov hniav tuaj yeem kho nrog txoj kev kho kom raws sij hawm thiab kev kho. Hom kab mob no tsis ua teeb meem thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm tus kab mob.
Nroj tsuag ntawm daim kab xev
Hom kab mob no yog ua los ntawm cov tsos ntawm cov lus hais ntawm lub ntsej muag rau ntawm ntau cov hniav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qaum thiab sab incisors. Cov kab mob npaws txha raws li tau hais tseg, me me me ntsis sib koom ua ke, tsim cov formations loj. Qee lub sij hawm lawv hloov xim ntawm dawb mus rau daj los yog lub teeb xim av. Lub peculiarity ntawm qhia hom kab mob - enamel nyob rau hauv qhov chaw cheeb tsam yog heev tus thiab ci.
Melotic-pleev daim ntawv fluorosis
Qhov kev xav ntawm tus kab mob pathology yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov tshwm sim txawv, uas pom tseeb pom thiab ua rau lub hlwb tsis xis nyob. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev kho mob sai li sai tau - ib daim duab melovid-mottled nrog rau tag nrho cov hniav ntawm cov xim dawb, daj los yog xim av nrog lub ntsej muag matte. Yog tias tsis muaj kev kho mob raws sij hawm, tus hniav laus yuav raug muab pov tseg. Cov kab mob hniav hauv cov hniav no qee zaum muaj nrog nws cov thinning hauv qee thaj chaw. Nws zoo li ntiav depressions ntawm li 0.1-0.2 hli nyob rau hauv tob nrog ib lub cheeb ntawm 1-1.5 mm.
Erosive daim ntawv ntawm fluorosis
Nrog rau hom kab mob no, tus kabmob muaj ib cov xim hma los yog xim av daj. Tawm tsam cov keeb kwm ntawm pigmentation, thaj chaw uas muaj qhov tsis xws luag yog pom tseeb. Disease fluorosis ntawm daim ntawv piav qhia ua rau rov tshwm sim ntawm qhov sib txawv thiab sib sib zog nqus. Yog tias koj tsis noj ib qho kev ntsuas mob, tus hniav laus yog sai sai, thiab lub dentin twb raug puas lawm. Qee lub sij hawm qhov kev vam meej ntawm pathology xaus rau ntawm qhov chaw loj ntawm cov hniav.
Puas muaj cov tshuaj fluorosis
Cov lus qhia txog tus kab mob no yog suav tias yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws. Phaus dej ntau dhau los ua rau muaj zog pigmentation ntawm tus hniav laus, uas tau txais ib cov qias neeg daj los yog xim av daj. Rau nws qhov chaw, tam sim ntawd pom ntau daim tawv, yaig, stains thiab lwm yam tsis xws luag. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm cov hniav uas ua rau tib neeg txoj kev puas tsuaj yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm lawv cov ntaub so ntswg. Lub cev txo nws lub cev rau txoj kev no los ntawm kev sib cais ntawm qhov kev hloov ntawm tus hniav, tab sis qhov no tsis txaus. Cov hniav ua brittle, feem ntau ua txhaum nyob rau hauv qis dua.
Qhov ua rau tshuaj fluorosis
Cov lus piav qhia pib tsim txawm ua ntej txoj kev tuaj yeem ntawm cov hniav tas mus li . Cov kab mob fais fab tuag tau raug rau cov neeg nyob hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj cov tshuaj fluoride hauv dej ntau. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj no yog 1 mg / l, siab tshaj - 1.5 mg / l. Yog tias tus me nyuam siv dej ntau dua fluorine rau ntau tshaj 3 xyoo sib law liag, tus kab mob ntawm fluorosis twb ua rau nws cov hniav tas mus li, txawm tias lawv tsis tau loj hlob. Tsis tshua muaj heev tus kab mob no cuam tshuam rau mis nyuj laus.
Ib tus neeg laus uas tau tsiv mus rau thaj tsam nrog ntau cov tshuaj fluoride hauv dej tsis tuaj yeem raug fluorosis. Txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm qhov puas tsuaj puas tsuaj yog tias lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj muaj zog tshaj 6 mg / l. Lub sij hawm muaj mob muaj kab mob fluorosis nyob ntawm seb cov tshuaj fluoride nyob hauv dej. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam endemic raws li lub concentration ntawm lub keeb:
- tsawg tshaj li 1 mg / l - 10-12%;
- 1-1.5 mg / l - 20-30%;
- 1,5-2 mg / l - 30-50%
- ntau tshaj 2 mg / l - ntau tshaj 50%.
Fluorosis - cov tsos mob
Nws yog qhov yooj yim kom pom qhov pib ntawm kev mob ntawm pathology txawm nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov ua sawv. Qhov tshuaj fluorosis ntawm cov hniav thiab qhov hnyav ntawm nws cov duab neeg mob yog nyob ntawm seb qhov mob hnyav li cas. Qhov ntau puas qhov saum npoo ntawm pob txha lug, qhov yooj yim nws yog mus tshawb nrhiav tus kab mob. Cov sab nraud ntawm cov tshuaj fluorosis muaj xws li cov kabmob tsis sib xws ntawm cov kabmob, feem ntau sab hauv cov hniav:
- bands;
- speckles;
- strokes;
- stains;
- yaig;
- hollows;
- chips thiab lwm tus.
Cov theem ntawm cov tshuaj fluorosis
Hauv kev kho hniav, tus kab mob ntsig txog qhov teeb meem yog muab tso rau hauv 5 degree ntawm qhov hnyav:
- Heev teeb. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm fluorosis yog tsis tseem ceeb thiab yuav luag tsis tau. Cov xim ntawm tus hniav laus yog xyaum tsis hloov.
- Yooj yim. Rau cov hniav ib zaug, muaj cov qe ntshiab dawb-dawb los yog luv luv streaks. Tag nrho qhov chaw ntawm qhov lesion yog txog li 25% ntawm qhov txha hniav laus tag nrho.
- Ntsig. Cwj pwm, me ntsis thiab petty inclusions yog pom tseeb pom kev pom. Lub cheeb tsam ntawm cov hniav yas yog puas ntsoog li ntawm 50%.
- Nruab Nrab. Ntxiv nrog rau dawb matte kho (melovid), muaj daj thiab xim av me ntsis, tej zaum kuj loj. Vim yog qhov tho ntawm tus hniav lwj thiab qhov kis tau ntawm tus hniav, raug rau cov hniav lwj thiab lwm yam kab mob hauv lub qhov ncauj.
- Hnyav. Ntau tshaj 70% ntawm cov hniav yas yog puas lawm. Pigmentation ntawm enamel yog heev qhia, muaj ib tug uncharacteristic daj los yog xim av xim. Cov teeb meem ntom ntws tawm sai sai thiab tig mus rau kev yaig yaig. Tus hniav laus yog rho tawm thiab rho tawm, cov hniav yog cov deformed thiab feem ntau ua kom puas. Yog hais tias cov tshuaj fluorosis nyob rau theem no, ces yuav muaj teeb meem tshwm sim. Ib qho teeb meem tshwm sim yog qhov poob ntawm cov hniav thiab kev puas tsuaj rau cov pob txha ntawm cov pob txha.
Fluorosis - Kev mob
Txhawm rau txhawm rau kev puas tsuaj rau cov kua nplaum nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm qhov ntau ntawm cov tshuaj fluoride nyob rau hauv lub cev tsis tuaj yeem tsuas yog tus kws kho hniav, tab sis tus kws kho mob thiab kws kho mob. Lub symptomatology ntawm tus kab mob thiab sau ntawm anamnesis pab qhia nws unmistakably. Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kab mob fluorosis yog tsim nyog thaum muaj kev nyuaj siab nyob hauv lub cev. Kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov pathologies no yooj yim heev los ntawm cov nta.
Fluorosis muaj feem xyuam rau cov vestibular thiab lingual cov hniav ntawm cov hniav, uas yog muaj ntau qhov txhab ntawm tus daus loj. Caries xoos hauv qhov chaw hu thiab chaw txhaj tshuaj, zoo li ib qho chaw me me nkaus xwb. Lwm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj fluorosis - qhov zoo li tam sim ntawd tom qab qhov kev tsim ntawm cov hniav tas mus li. Caries tshwm sim ntawm cov pob txha pob txha ntawm lub mis.
Fluorosis ntawm cov hniav - kev kho mob
Kev kho ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau tus txiv tsev yog tsim los ntawm kev siv nyiaj rau daim ntawv thiab theem ntawm cov txheej txheem pathological. Yog tias tus mob fluorosis tom qab los yog puas lawm, txoj kev kho yuav tsum rov qab kho cov duab thiab xim ntawm lub tais ntawm cov hniav nrog kev pab los ntawm:
- Orthopedic structures ( peneers );
- sau cov ntaub ntawv sau;
- kho phom nrog cov khoom puab yas .
Cov dashed, melovid-speckled thiab spotted fluorosis ntawm qhov hniav ntsa yog los ntawm cov kev hloov hauv tsuas yog ntxoov ntxoo ntawm tus kabmob, tsawg zaus muaj me me puas tsuaj rau nws cov nyias topcoat. Yog xav kho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov kab mob pathology no, muaj cov tshuaj ntxuav vaj tse thiab lub cev kom txaus, uas yog ua los ntawm ob peb lub hlis sib law liag hauv tus kws kho hniav qhov chaw ua haujlwm.
Pastes nrog fluorosis
Kev tu tus kheej yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev kho tus kab mob no. Ib txoj kev pabcuam los kho cov tshuaj fluorosis yog kev siv cov tshuaj txhuam hniav tshwj xeeb. Cov khoom no yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj fluoride, nws yog ntshaw kom lawv muaj cov calcium uas yooj yim digest, cov nplua dawb thiab cov tshuaj uas tiv thaiv kev mob ntawm cov kab . Tshuaj Txhuam Hnav Txhuam Hniav rau cov kaus hniav uas cuam tshuam los ntawm fluorosis:
- Thawj Tswj Hwm Unique. Muaj pantothenate, lactate thiab calcium glycerophosphate - compounds uas muaj zog thiab txhim kho kab mob. Txawm nyob hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj papain, dissolving cov quav hniav, thiab xylitol, uas ua rau nws muaj tag nrho, thiab tshem tawm qhov chaw hauv acidic hauv qhov ncauj kab noj hniav.
- SPLAT Tshaj Tawm, Biocalcium. Ob qho tshuaj txhuav muaj papain thiab polydon, uas pab txhawb rau tus mos nyug tab sis raug tshem tawm ntawm cov quav hniav. Calcium yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm hydroxyapatite thiab lactate - yooj yim digestible cov ntaub ntawv. SPLAT Tshaj yam ntxiv tseem muaj cov txheej txheem ntawm cov enzymes, zinc citrate thiab licorice extract, muab kev tu xyuas qhov ncauj kom huv.
- Asepta. Nyob rau hauv lub paste muaj tsis muaj dab tsi superfluous - hydroxyapatite poov hlau, papain thiab poov tshuaj citrate. Cov khoom yuav pab txhawm rau txhim kho lub xeev tus kabmob, tiv thaiv kev tsim ntawm cov quav hniav thiab txo cov rhiab heev ntawm cov hniav.
- ROCS Active ingredient yog calcium glycerophosphate, uas yog yooj yim digested thiab kev mus rau hauv cov cheeb tsam puas ntawm enamel. Yuav kom tiv thaiv tau qhov tsim ntawm cov quav hniav thiab tsim ntawm caries nyob rau hauv lub paste muaj bromelain thiab xylitol.
- Tshiab Pearls. Qhov kev xaiv pheej yig tshaj plaws rau cov tshuaj fluorosis. Hauv no tus neeg sawv cev no tsis muaj cov kua tshuaj tua kab uas muaj tshuaj dawb thiab tshem tawm cov quav yeeb quav tshuaj, tab sis nws muaj qhov "calcium compound" zoo tshaj plaws - citrate.
Cov hniav ntxuav hniav dawb nrog cov tshuaj fluorosis
Tshem tawm cov uas tsis pom kev los ntawm tus txha hniav tsuas yog hauv tus kws kho hniav qhov chaw ua hauj lwm. Kev tshuaj fluorosis yog ua los ntawm ib qho ntawm 3 txoj hauv kev:
- Lub laser. Ua ntej, cov hniav yog them nrog cov gel raws li hydrogen peroxide. Qhia kom pom cov xim ntawm cov hniav laus, lawv muaj teeb pom kev zoo los ntawm ib lub teeb meem ntawm laser.
- Los ntawm tshuaj lom neeg txhais tau tias. Raws li tshuaj tov tshuaj, cov ntsiab lus ntawm carbamide peroxide thiab hydrogen, inorganic acids (hydrochloric, phosphoric) yog siv. Tam sim ntawd tom qab tus txheej txheem, cov hniav yog remineralized nrog calcium gluconate los yog ib lub chaw, ib txheej fluorine lacquer.
- Shlifovkoy. Rau sab saum toj txheej ntawm tus kabmob yog tshem tawm ib qho tshwj xeeb txhuam ntxeem raws li carborundum, hydrochloric acid thiab ib tug silicon gel. Tom qab sib tsoo, qhov kho lub yas yog kho nrog perhydrol thiab yog irradiated nrog ib lub teeb nrig. Nyob rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm kev tswjhwm, kev kho kom rov zoo.
Rau ib qho kev sib kho ntawm cov txheej txheem teev npe, nws yuav tsis muaj peev xwm ua kom zoo tag nrho cov hniav. Thaum mus ntsib tus kws kho hniav tom ntej, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav siv tsuas yog siv rau qhov chaw uas muaj qhov sib txawv, tab sis kom ua tiav cov kev xav tau, 3-20 manipulations yuav tsum tau txhaj (cov nyiaj nyob ntawm seb cov tshuaj fluorosis thiab cov xim tsis tseeb). Rov kho dua yuav tsum ua kom tiav tom qab 6-8 lub hlis, thaum lub sijhawm tus kws kho hniav qhia kom noj cov tshuaj glycerophosphates thiab cov tshuaj calcium hauv, ua tib zoo saib cov cai ntawm lub qhov ncauj kev tu lub cev.
Kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov tshuaj fluorosis
Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv yuav ua tau ib leeg thiab ib leeg. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thawj, kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov tshuaj fluorosis muaj xws li:
- limiting siv cov khoom siv nrog cov tshuaj fluoride (spinach, hiav txwv ntses, tsiaj roj);
- tswj kev zoo ntawm cov dej haus;
- enrichment ntawm cov khoom noj nrog vitamins C, D, calcium gluconate;
- daim ntawv teev cov tshuaj txhuam hniav uas tsis muaj fluoride;
- niaj hnub siv cov khoom noj siv mis.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb los tiv thaiv kev mob hauv cov me nyuam yug tshiab hauv cov cheeb tsam kawg. Niam txiv yuav tsum tsis txhob ntxov ua kom paub ntxias, nws yog ntshaw kom tsis txhob muaj mis mos mis. Nws raug nquahu kom muab dej los ntawm lub fwj, los yog hloov nws cov mis, kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Thaum tus menyuam loj hlob tuaj, cov kws kho mob qhia txhua lub caij ntuj sov coj nws mus rau 2-3 lub hlis mus rau qhov chaw zoo (raws li cov tshuaj fluoride).
Cov kev ua ub no kom muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov kab mob hauv cov pejxeem, tab tom koom nrog tsoomfwv cheeb tsam. Kev tiv thaiv yuav tsum:
- hloov chaw dej rau cov tau txais kev pab;
- txo qis ntawm cov tshuaj fluoride los ntawm kev lim dej tshwj xeeb;
- Sib tov ntawm cov dej los ntawm ntau qhov chaw (piv txwv li, qhov dej thiab cov dej).