Cervical cancer yog ib hom mob khees-xaws. Kev tsis pom ntawm cov tsos mob thaum ntxov tseem ceeb heev ntawm cov kab mob pathology. Xav seb tus kab mob nyob hauv ntau dua, peb paub lub npe ntawm cov kab mob qog nqaij hlav hauv tsev menyuam, qhov ua rau thiab cov kev kho mob.
Kev mob khees-xaws ncauj tsev menyuam - qhov ua rau
Yog tias muaj kabmob xws li kheesxaws ncauj tsev menyuam, qhov ua rau nws loj hlob yog qhov teebmeem. Cov kws kho mob pib txheej txheem los ntawm kev sau ib qho anamnesis, tsis suav cov kab mob ntawm qhov kev ua me nyuam ua rau kev mob nkeeg oncology. Ntawm cov teeb meem uas tsim txom cov kev mob ntawm kev mob kheesxaws, oncologists hu rau:
- venereal kab mob: gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia, herpes qhov chaw mos;
- kev mus sij hawm ntev nrog cov tshuaj hormone-muaj tshuaj;
- siv cov tshuaj hormonal contraceptives;
- kev sib deev thaum ntxov;
- hloov cov kev sib hloov hauv cov neeg sib deev - ua rau muaj kev pauv hauv qhov chaw mos ntawm qhov chaw mos, ua rau muaj kev hloov hauv cellular qib;
- Protein Cheebtsam ntawm cov txiv neej phev tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev txawv txav hauv kev tsim cov cellular ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam.
Cervical cancer yog ib pawg uas muaj kev pheej hmoo siab
Cov kws kho mob qhia txog ib qho kev pheej hmoo - cov poj niam, nws qhov kev ua me nyuam yug dua yog feem ntau raug rau cov kab mob oncological. Ntawm lawv yog:
- Muaj cov kab mob papillomavirus tib neeg. Kev mob khees-xaws ncauj tsev menyuam thiab HPV oncologists yog ib txwm kho raws li cov txheej txheem tsis sib luag. Cov kev hloov ncaj qha ntawm cov qib cellular uas tshwm sim los ntawm tus kab mob no yog qhov ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm ncauj tsev menyuam.
- Tsis tshua muaj kev xeem dhau. Qhov tsis tuaj ntawm cytology ntawm tus yeeb ncuab feem ntau ua rau kev paub lig ntawm tus kab mob. Cov kws kho mob pom zoo kom noj nws ib xyoos ib zaug.
- Cov poj niam uas muaj lub cev tsis muaj zog, txo kev tiv thaiv hauv zos. Yog li, yuav ua rau kev mob oncology nce hauv cov neeg mob uas siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kabmob (immunosuppressants).
- Cov poj niam hnub nyoog laus dua 40 xyoo. Cov kev tshawb fawb static tsom qhia tau ntxiv rau ntawm cov pojniam ntawm cov pojniam menopausal oncology. Tam sim no hormonal hloov ntawm lub sij hawm no tuaj yeem ua rau kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg epithelial ntawm lub caj dab.
- Ua cov neeg nyiam poj niam lub neej. Tej zaum yuav kis tau tus mob ntxiv.
- Muaj ob peb tug me nyuam uas muaj qhov txawv me me. Qhov kev ua me nyuam xav tau lub sij hawm rov qab. Qhov teeb meem uas tshwm sim thaum lub caij yug menyuam yuav ua rau muaj kev sib kis ntawm cov kab mob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev ua kom lub cev muaj peev xwm hloov tau ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam ntawm lub cellular level.
Kev Lag Luam Tsev Menyuam - Hom
Hom mob oncology no muaj ntau qhov kev cais. Nyob rau hauv lawv cov lus dag tsis tsuas yog lub hom ntawm cov nqaij mos, cellular qauv, tab sis kuj lub localization ntawm pathological txheej txheem. Li ntawd, nyob ntawm seb qhov chaw ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm lub qog, muaj:
- mob khees xaws ntawm qhov chaw mos ntawm qhov ncauj;
- kabmob ncaj qha lub ncauj tsev menyuam.
Raws li hom kev puas tsuaj rau cellular lug, cov nram no yog qhov txawv:
- Cov hlab ntws qog cell ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam. Hom kab mob no muaj li 80% ntawm txhua tus neeg mob khees-xaws ncauj tsev menyuam. Nrog rau hom no, lub hlwb ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg epithelial ntawm lub ncauj tsev me nyuam cuam tshuam, uas hloov lawv tus qauv thiab cov duab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lawv nce nyob rau hauv loj, tab sis tsis pub dhau ciam thaj ntawm lub caj dab daim tawv nqaij.
- Kev mob khees xaws ncauj tsev menyuam. Daim ntawv no ntawm pathology yog pom los ntawm kev sib kis ntawm qog-zoo li foci mus rau lwm cov plab hnyuv siab raum thiab cov ntaub so ntswg. Nws tuaj yeem yog hematogenous (los ntawm cov ntshav) thiab lymphogenous (los ntawm cov qog). Ua ntej, cov qog cov qog nyob hauv cheeb tsam ntawm cov kab mob hauv urogenital yog qhov cuam tshuam. Thaum tus kab mob no loj zuj zus, tus kab mob kis tau los ntawm cov ntshav, los tsoo cov kab mob hauv lub cev thiab lub tshuab.
Nws tau txais kev faib tawm 2 theem ntawm tus kab mob kawg:
- Microinvasive cancer - cov kev hloov ntawm tes yog tsau rau ciam teb ntawm epithelium thiab cov ntaub so ntswg. Metastases penetrating lub stroma yog qhov chaw nyob ntawm qhov tob ntawm tsis pub ntev tshaj 3 hli, tsis muaj lub sijhawm ntawm cov hlab ntsws lymphatic;
- Tus kab mob - tus qog penetrates rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg mus rau qhov tob ntawm ntau tshaj 3 hli, cov qe tsim, muaj cov kab mob sib txawv, muaj cov lesions ntawm lub zos cov qog lymph nodes, cov metastases nyob ntev.
Kev mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm ncauj tsev menyuam - theem
Kev mob khees-xaws ncauj tsev menyuam, qhov kev faib tawm ntawm qhov tau piav saum toj no, pib tsim los ntawm cov hlwb ntawm ib hom qe ntshav. Tib lub sij hawm, txoj kev ua tau sai sai, uas siv cov kab mob hauv zej zos thiab cov ntaub so ntswg. Ncaj nraim rau ntawm cov chaw no, cov theem ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas pathology kuj tseem txawv. Txhua tus nws muaj nws cov duab kos, symptomatology. Hauv qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub sij hawm pathology, nws yog txoj kev cai kom paub qhov txawv ntawm 4 theem.
Mob khees-xaws ncauj tsev menyuam - theem 1
Kev mob khees-xaws ntawm ncauj tsev menyuam ntawm 1 degree yog tsi ntsees los ntawm nruj localization, muaj tseeb ciam thaj ntawm cov formations. Thaum paub txog theem ntawm txoj kev mob qog nqaij hlav, cov kws kho mob tham txog cov nram qab no:
- cov qog tsis mus dhau ntawm lub caj dab;
- Kev hloov cytological tsis muaj zog thiab pom tias tsuas yog me me xwb;
- Metastases tuaj yeem nkag qhov kab noj hniav ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam los ntawm 3-5 hli;
- qhov loj me me yog 4 cm dua.
Mob khees-xaws ncauj tsev menyuam - theem 2
Qhov thib ob theem ntawm ncauj tsev menyuam mob yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev tso tawm ntawm lub hlwb malignant dhau ntawm ciam teb ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam thiab lub cev ntawm lub tsev menyuam. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, qhov txhab ntawm pelvic plab hnyuv siab raum thiab qis dua ntawm qhov chaw mos los tsis tshwm sim. Cov kab mob qog ua rau tag nrho cov kabmob. Metastases tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cheeb tsam ib puag ncig. Lawv raug tshawb pom los ntawm cov cuab yeej siv, uas tso cai rau txiav txim seb tus naj npawb, qhov loj thiab qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav.
Mob khees-xaws ncauj tsev menyuam - theem 3
Mob khees xaws ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam, qhov thib peb theem yog tus cwj pwm ntawm lub qog ntawm lub plab hnyuv siab raum ntawm lub me pelvis, appendages. Thaum kis cov kabmob metastases rau lwm yam kabmob thiab kabmob, lawv cov haujlwm yuav cuam tshuam. Feem ntau cov neoplasm nyob hauv phab ntsa sab nraud ntawm lub me pelvis, qhov thib peb qis ntawm qhov chaw mos. Nrog kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov neeg mob, muaj kev ua txhaum cai hauv ob lub raum, txo qis rau hauv lawv txoj haujlwm.
Kev mob khees-xaws ncauj tsev menyuam - theem 4
Nyob rau theem no ntawm kev mob qog nqaij hlav hauv lub ncauj tsev menyuam, metastases muaj nyob hauv txhua yam kabmob ntawm lub plab me me: lub zais zis, cov hnyuv, cov hnyuv. Kev mob khees-xaws ncauj tsev menyuam thiab uterine. Nrog rau kev mob ntxiv ntawm pathology, cov txheej txheem hloov mus rau cov qog ntshav hauv lub cev. Ua ke nrog cov ntshav, lub foci ntawm hloov hlwb yuav tau txais mus rau hauv lub deb lub nruab ntawm lub cev. Feem ntau thaum kuaj tau, metastases muaj nyob hauv lub hlwb, ntsws, thiab siab.
Kev mob khees-xaws ncauj tsev menyuam - cov tsos mob thiab cov paib
Nrog rau tus kab mob oncological, xws li kheesxaws ncauj tsev menyuam, cov tsos mob tsis nyob rau ntev. Qhov no piav qhia txog kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm pathology, feem ntau nrog 2 degree ntawm puas. Raws li kev txheeb cais, los ntawm qhov pib ntawm tus txheej txheem rau qhov pib ntawm cov tsos mob yuav siv sij hawm ntau xyoo. Yog hais tias tus neeg mob muaj kab mob keeb kwm ntawm qhov kev ua me nyuam, tus mob tsos mob tshwm sim hauv qis mob plab, sab nraub qaum. Nyob rau hauv qhov no, ib tug poj niam tuaj yeem kos npe tawm ntawm kev tawm hauv plab, muaj lub cim ntshav thiab tsis sib haum xeeb ua pojniam. Cov kab mob keeb kwm yav dhau los muaj xws li, nrog cov mob khees xaws, nrog rau:
- ncauj tsev menyuam ;
- leukoplakia ;
- ntau hom caj dab strain tom qab yug me nyuam.
Xws li rau cov tsos mob nrog poj niam caws mos, qhov tshwm sim muaj peev xwm tshaj tawm tau muab faib ua feem ntau thiab tshwj xeeb. Cov thawj sawv daws yog:
- nquag kiv taub hau, tawv nqaij daj, tsaus muag;
- qhuav ntawm daim tawv nqaij;
- ntau hws;
- qhov tsis muaj zog;
- ntxiv zog kub cev;
- txo rau hauv lub cev hnyav.
Symptomatology ntawm tus kab mob yog txawv, thiab nyob ntawm seb ntawm tus txheej txheem pathological. Rau tej yam tshwm sim ntawm oncology ntawm lub tsev menyuam, yog:
- Ntshav tawm ntshav. Lawv tuaj yeem yog, raws li kev sib cuag (tom qab daim ntawv pov thawj kev sib deev lossis kev ua tsab cai), thiab tsis muaj qab hau. Qhov ntim ntawm lawv yuav txawv. Nyob rau hauv lig theem ntawm tus kab mob, vim yog txuas ntawm tus kab mob, lawv muaj ib qho tsis hnov tsw tsw.
- Mob rau sab nraub qaum, plab thiab plab zom zaws.
- Cov nplooj ntoos qis, vim qhov kev puas tsuaj los ntawm metastases ntawm cov hlab ntsha.
- Kev ua txhaum ntawm kev ua haujlwm txawv - qhov hloov ntawm qhov quav, tsim fistulas.
Kev mob khees-xaws ncauj tsev menyuam - kev kuaj mob
Lub hauv paus ntawm kev tshawb xyuas kev ua haujlwm yog cov kev coj ua. Kev txiav txim ntawm tus kab mob no pib nrog ceev faj sau ntawm anamnesis. Tom qab ntawd, ntau cov kev tshawb fawb raug taw, ntawm cov uas:
- colposcopy - yuav pab txiav txim seb tus mob ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm qhov chaw mos, qhov ncauj thiab lub uterine kabmob;
- cytological kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov khoom - cov qauv ntawm cov khoom yog coj los ntawm cov nplaim ntawm caj dab thiab tsom;
- txoj kev lis dej num (biopsy) - kev kawm txog cov qauv, lub cev, qauv ntawm lub hlwb uas tau tawm ntawm lub caj dab;
- keeb kwm kev kuaj mob - pab txhawm rau txiav txim siab txog theem ntawm pathology;
- Ultrasound - txiav txim siab qhov loj thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov formations, lawv cov naj npawb.
Nrog lub chaw qog nqaij hlav hauv lub ncauj tsev menyuam, MRI yog siv los kuaj xyuas me me hlav. Cov kws kho mob muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab tias qhov chaw khiav hauj lwm ntawm cov txheej txheem, nws theem thiab qhov puas ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau cellular structures. Cov txheej txheem no yog qhov tseem ceeb thib ob, yog siv ncaj qha kom tau ib daim duab ntawm tus kab mob, thaum twg qhov tseeb ntawm oncology paub tseeb.
Koj puas tuaj yeem pom ultrasound rau kheesxaws ncauj tsev menyuam?
Cancer ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam hauv ultrasound hauv cov theem pib tsis tuaj yeem paub. Txoj kev no tshwm sim ntawm theem cellular. Txawm nrog loj loj, koj tuaj yeem nruab nws tsis tau. Qhov no ntawm kev tshawb xyuas kho vajtse yog siv nyob rau hauv txoj kev kuaj mob oncological uas twb tau pom lawm. Nrog nws pab, koj tuaj yeem tsim qhov chaw thiab qhov loj me ntawm kev kawm, los kuaj xyuas cov kabmob ze rau lub cev muaj cov kabmob metastases.
Puas muaj kev kho mob khees xaws ncauj tsev menyuam?
Muaj kabmob xws li kabmob kheesxaws ncauj tsev menyuam, kev kho yog xaiv ib tus zuj zus. Lub algorithm ntawm tus txheej txheem kho yog ncaj qha mus rau theem ntawm pathology, qhov hnyav ntawm cov tsos mob, muaj cov kab mob sib kis. Lub hauv paus ntawm txoj kev kho yog:
- kev phais mob phais;
- kev kho hluav taws xob ;
- kws khomob.
Feem ntau, rau kev ua haujlwm, cov kws kho mob siv ntau hom kev kawm ua ke. Qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj kev kho no nyob ntawm:
- theem ntawm oncology;
- lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob;
- muaj cov kab mob ntawm cov kev ua me nyuam.
Kev mob khees-xaws ncauj tsev menyuam - kev kuaj ntshav
Oncological processes yog nyuaj muab kev kho mob. Muaj ib yam kabmob xws li mob qog nqaij hlav hauv lub ncauj tsev menyuam, tus ciaj sia tuaj yeem yog ua raws li theem ntawm cov kab mob pathological, lub xeev ntawm cov qog ntshav ntawm lub cev, qhov hnyav ntawm lub qog thiab qhov tob ntawm tus qauv mob. Yog li tom qab radical hysterectomy thiab lymphadenectomy, qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub neej yog 5 xyoos. Tib lub sijhawm, 80-90% ntawm cov neeg mob tsis muaj lymph nodes cuam tshuam los ntawm tus mob. Ntawm cov neeg mob nrog metastases hauv lub plab mog, tsuas yog 50-75% ntawm cov poj niam nyob ntau tshaj 5 xyoos.
Kev mob khees-xaws ncauj tsev menyuam - kev tiv thaiv
Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv rau qhov pib ntawm oncology hauv kev ua me nyuam muaj xws li txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab ua raws li qee txoj cai. Yog li, txoj kev tiv thaiv kabmob kheesxaws ncauj tsev menyuam yuav pab txo kom txhob muaj kabmob los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kabmob papilloma, qhov tseemceeb ntawm mob cancer. Thaum txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, siv yeeb siv tshuaj:
- Gardasil ;
- Cervarix.
Ntawm lwm cov kev tiv thaiv kab mob yog:
- npaj cov kev ntsuam xyuas rau cov poj niam, pib txij 21-25 xyoos;
- normalization ntawm cov txheej txheem metabolic;
- ua raws li ib tus khub.
Lub neej tom qab lub tsev menyuam muaj mob khees xaws
Ua rau kom tshem tau kabmob kheesxaws ntawm ncauj tsev menyuam tsuas yog tau yog tias cov lus pom zoo thiab cov sijhawm teem tseg ntawm cov kws kho mob thiab lub sijhawm pib ntawm kev khomob. Muaj ntau tus poj niam tswj kom rov qab mus rau lawv lub neej qub. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws kho mob tsis tuaj yeem pom zoo kom npaj plab me nyuam tom qab lub ncauj tsev menyuam. Hormonal cov kev hloov tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev rov qab los, qhov rov ua dua ntawm kev hloov ntawm cov kev hloov ntawm cellular lug ntawm ncauj tsev menyuam epithelium.