Txhua xyoo cov neeg thov nyob thoob plaws lub teb chaws txiav txim siab tseem ceeb - lawv raug txiav txim siab nrog ib txoj haujlwm yav tom ntej. Muaj ntau lub tebchaws - cov koom haum, cov tsev kawm ntawv thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab , muaj kev cob qhia rau tib cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Muaj lus nug dab tsi: dab tsi yog qhov zoo dua lub koom haum lossis tsev kawm ntawv qib siab, qhov twg yuav nkag mus tom qab qib 11 ? Lub koom haum txawv li cas ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv?
Txhua lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj kev cai lij choj xeev, tau txiav txim los ntawm lub rooj tsav xwm ntawm Federal Service for Supervision in Education thiab Science. Qhov xwm txheej no txhua tsib xyoos yuav tsum tau muaj kev pom zoo los ntawm kev qhia txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua ub ua no rau tsib lub xyoos rau kev ntsuam xyuas los ntawm pawg neeg muaj peev xwm.
Los txiav txim seb qhov txawv ntawm lub koom haum thiab lub tsev kawm ntawv, peb sim ua kom paub seb yam twg yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev kawm qib siab.
Cov qauv ntawm cov cim ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv:
- cov peev txheej ntawm cov xibfwb qhia ntawv;
- cov menyuam kawm ntawv tiav;
- profile kev kawm;
- kev ua ub no.
University thiab lub koom haum - qhov txawv
- Lub koom haum yog ib lub chaw kawm ntawv uas muaj kev cob qhia, rov xyaum dua thiab kev txhim kho cov neeg ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv thaj tsam ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv tus, lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj peev xwm raug cob qhia txawm yog rau ib txoj hauj lwm. Lub tsev kawm ntawv qhia cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb hauv ntau lub teb, tsawg kawg hauv xya qhov tshwj xeeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tsev kawm ntawv muab kev qhia, rov xyaum dua thiab kev kawm paub txog cov neeg muaj txuj ci siab, nrog rau cov scientific thiab scientific thiab cov xibfwb qhia ntawv.
- Lub koom haum yuav tsum muaj kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv ib los yog ntau ceg. Hauv txhua lub tebchaws, raws li tsab cai lij choj, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tshawb fawb yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb, tab sis tsis pub tsawg tshaj li tsib ceg ntoo.
- Ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm ntawv yuav muaj tsawg dua ob tug menyuam kawm ntawv tiav. Hauv university, muaj tsawg kawg yog plaub tug tub ntxhais kawm tiav rau 100 tus tub ntxhais kawm ntawv.
- Tus naj npawb ntawm cov xib fwb nrog kev kawm txuj ci siab thiab kev kawm txuj hauv lub koom haum yuav ua tau li ntawm 25 mus rau 55%. Hauv tsev kawm ntawv, tsawg kawg yog 60% ntawm cov xibfwb qhia ntawv yuav tsum muaj kev kawm thiab cov npe.
- Tom qab kawm tiav qib siab, tsawg kawg 25% ntawm cov tub kawm ntawv kawm tiav yuav tsum raug tiv thaiv hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv. Lub tsev kawm ntawv tsis muaj kev txwv rau kev tiv thaiv cov tub ntxhais kawm tiav, tab sis yog 25% ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm tiav tom qab kawm tiav qib siab, lub tsev kawm ntawv tuaj yeem thov kev nce qib mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv. Yog tias tsis ua raws li txoj cai hauv cov rooj plaub tshwj xeeb, yuav rov qab hloov tau.
- Qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov nyiaj tau los rau kev tshawb fawb hauv tsev kawm ntawv hnub no yog tshaj li 10 lab raus, ntawm lub koom haum - tsawg kawg 1.5 lab, tab sis tsis ntau tshaj 5 lab raus hauv tsib xyoos dhau los.
- Ob leeg nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab hauv tsev kawm ntawv txoj kev qhia ntawv, kev kawm ntawv tus kheej thiab kev tshawb fawb yuav tsum muaj feem xyuam, tab sis ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv yuav tsum tau txais kev nkag mus hauv cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob.
- Lub tsev kawm ntawv yuav yog ib feem ntawm lwm lub tsev kawm ntawv, lub tsev kawm ntawv tsuas yog ib qho chaw kho mob xwb. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg
Lub tsev kawm ntawv tau muab tso rau hauv lub koom haum.
Thaj li, muaj qee qhov txawv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab lub koom haum, tab sis lawv tsis tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li, dhau los hauv USSR nws yog ib txwm ntseeg tias lub tsev kawm ntawv muab kev kawm txuj ci tseem ceeb, thiab lub koom haum - kev kawm ntawm ib qho kev thov. Tam sim no tsis muaj kev pom zoo li qhov sib txawv. Lub hauv paus rau xaiv ib lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab yuav tsum yog qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov tebchaws, uas yog ib ntus tau kho dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tuam tsev hauv lub xeev muaj kev ruaj ntseg dua cov tsev kawm ntawv uas tsis yog-xeev.