Peb tau xav tias cov tshuaj tua kab mob yog tshuaj rau ib qho mob loj heev, tab sis kuj muaj cov tshuaj yeeb yaj kiab uas muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv ob txoj kev thiab tib lub sij hawm muaj qhov tsis zoo rau tus neeg mob lub cev. Cov tshuaj "dawb thiab fluffy" yog cov macrolides. Dab tsi tshwj xeeb txog lawv?
"Leej twg" yog cov me me li no?
Cov tshuaj tua kab mob no muaj cov qauv tshuaj kho, cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev nkag siab huag, kev nyuaj npaum li cas yog tias koj tsis yog ib tug biochemist. Tiam sis peb yuav sim kom to taub. Yog li, ib pawg ntawm cov tshuaj macrolides yog cov khoom muaj xws li ntawm lub tshuab ua ntu zus hauv lub phom macrocyclic lactone, uas yuav muaj ntau hom carbon atom. Raws li qhov ntsuas no, cov tshuaj no muab faib ua 14-thiab 16-tus neeg uas muaj cov tshuaj macrolides thiab txo qis, uas muaj 15 carbon atoms. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob no yog cais raws li cov keeb kwm ntawm natural origin.
Thawj yog erythromycin (nyob rau xyoo 1952), uas yog tseem hwm los ntawm cov kws kho mob. Tom qab ntawd, hauv 70's thiab 80's, niaj hnub macrolides tau pom, uas tau txais tam sim ntawd mus ua lag ua luam thiab pom tau zoo heev hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua kab mob. Qhov no tau ua ib qho kev txhawb siab rau kev kawm ntxiv txog cov macrolides, vim tias hnub no lawv daim ntawv teev npe tseem ceeb heev.
Yuav ua li cas ua rau me nyuam ua hauj lwm?
Cov tshuaj no nkag mus rau hauv lub microbe cell thiab cuam tshuam lub synthesis ntawm protein nyob rau nws cov ribosomes. Ntawm chav kawm, tom qab xws li kev tawm tsam, ib qho kev mob kev nkeeg. Ntxiv rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antimicrobial, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob macrolides (immunomodulatory) (tswj kev tiv thaiv) thiab kev ua kom tsis muaj zog (tab sis ib nrab heev).
Cov tshuaj no ua tau zoo tiv thaiv cov kab mob cawv plawv, atypical microbacteria thiab lwm yam kev xiam oob qhab uas ua rau mob hnoos, bronchitis, mob ntsws, mob ntsws thiab lwm yam kab mob. Tsis ntev los no, cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis kam lees (kev siv microbes thiab tsis txhob siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob), tiam sis tiam tshiab tiam sis muaj cov kev ua kom sib luag nrog cov kab mob feem ntau.
Cov tshuaj dab tsi yog qhov kho rau?
Ntawm qhov kev taw qhia rau kev siv cov tshuaj no yog cov kab mob xws li:
- kab mob hnoos hawb pob - kab mob qog nqaij hlav, hnoos hawb hnoos, atypical pneumonia, exacerbation ntawm mob ntsws ntev, mob ntsws mob;
- kab mob ntawm cov nqaij mos, tawv nqaij - hnyuv, mob plawv, paronychia;
- cov kab mob uas kis tau sib deev - chlamydia, syphilis;
- qhov ncauj kis mob - periostitis, periodontitis.
Tseem macrolides ntawm tiam nyuam qhuav pib kho toxoplasmosis, pob txuv (hauv daim ntawv hnyav), gastroenteritis, cryptosporidiosis thiab lwm yam kab mob uas ua rau muaj kab mob. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm cov tshuaj macrolide kuj yog siv los rau prophylaxis - hauv kev kho hniav, rheumatology, hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm txoj hnyuv loj.
Contraindications thiab phiv tshuaj
Zoo ib yam li tag nrho cov tshuaj, macrolides muaj ib daim ntawv teev cov kev xav tsis haum thiab cov kev tsis txaus ntseeg, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias daim ntawv teev npe no muaj tsawg dua li lwm cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Macrolides yog qhov feem ntau tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj zoo sib xws. Tab sis feem ntau tsis tshua pom muaj, cov hauv qab no yuav tsis pom zoo:
- mob taub hau, kiv taub hau, tsis hnov lus;
- xeev siab, zawv plab, ntuav, mob plab;
- pob, khaus.
Npaj ntawm cov pab pawg neeg ntawm macrooids yog contraindicated:
- cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab cov poj niam cev xeeb tub;
- cov menyuam hnub nyoog qis dua 6 hli (qhov tsis tshwm sim kawm);
- Cov neeg uas muaj tus neeg mob lub siab.
Nrog kev saib xyuas rau cov tshuaj no yuav tsum tau kho cov neeg mob uas muaj kev puas siab ntsws thiab lub raum ua haujlwm.
Dab tsi yog qhov kev txiav txim?
Peb sau cov npe ntawm cov paub ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov cim tshiab, relying rau lawv qhov kev faib tawm.
- Ntuj: oleandomycin, erythromycin, spiramycin, midecamycin, leucomycin, josamycin.
- Semisynthetic: roxithromycin, clarithromycin, dirithromycin, flurithromycin, azithromycin, rookitamycin.
Cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw no muaj nyob hauv cov tshuaj tua kab mob, cov npe uas txawv ntawm cov npe ntawm macrolides. Piv txwv, hauv kev npaj "Azitroks" yog yam tshuaj maj mam yog macrolide-azithromycin, thiab hauv cov zionit "Zinerit" - erythromycin.