Oncological kab mob nyob hauv ib feem ntau ntawm cov xov tooj ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob. Ntau tshaj li 10 plhom leej tshiab txhua lub xyoo yog kuaj thoob ntiaj teb. Tag nrho lub teb chaws tos rau cov xov xwm los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb txog qhov tsim muaj qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb rau kev mob qog nqaij hlav. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub meantime, tuag nqi los ntawm oncology tseem loj hlob. Yog li cas yog kev kho mob rau tus kab mob no?
Cov tshuaj antineoplastic rau mob cancer
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev kho mob oncology. Qhov no yog chemotherapy, radiation, hormonal, targeted therapy, phais kev pab. Txoj kev xaiv yog nyob ntawm seb hom, theem ntawm tus kab mob, qhov chaw ntawm lub qog, lub xeev ntawm kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus neeg mob, thiab lwm yam. Puas muaj tshuaj rau mob cancer? Cov tshuaj antineoplastic metabolites yog siv rau cov kws khomob. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb hauv kev siv lawv yog ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov kabmob kheesxaws tu tsis tseg, cov qog tsis nce, thiab cov metastases tsis tshwm. Cov no yog cov tshuaj xws li:
- Ftorafur;
- Methotrexate;
- Hydroxyurea;
- Xeloda.
Kev Txhaj Tshuaj Rau Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Rau Oncology
Cov tshuaj uas tshem tawm qhov mob, nrog rau kev mob kheesxaws, yog siv los tiv thaiv kev tsis zoo rau tus neeg mob lub cev thiab lub hlwb. Qhov mob hauv oncology yog muab faib ua ob hom: neuropathic thiab nociceptive. Kev noj tshuaj hauv lub cev muaj npe raws li hom mob. Yog li, nws paub tias qhov mob nociceptive ceases nrog kev siv cov analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioids. Txhawm rau rhuav tshem ntawm qhov mob neuropathic, tshuaj tua kab mob thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tricyclic antidepressants.
Cov mob nyhav rau qhov mob oncology yog tus kws kho mob sau tseg, thaum tus qaug zog tsis muaj qhov xav tau. Qhov no tshwm sim vim hais tias ntawm kev hloov kho ntawm lub cev mus rau qhov txhais tau tias siv. Nyob rau hauv xws li no, peb lub hom phiaj siv peb-kauj ruam, raws li WHO cov lus pom zoo. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, yuav tsum tau npaj cov tshuaj ntxiv. Cov tswv yim no muab ib qho kev ntxim siab analgesic hauv 90% ntawm cov neeg mob:
- non-narcotic analgesic ;
- ib qho tshuaj narcotic uas tsis muaj zog thiab ib qho kev mob ntsws uas tsis yog narcotic;
- opiates ntawm morphine pawg thiab non-narcotic analgesic.
Relief los ntawm kev mob pib nrog kev siv cov non-narcotic analgesics. Cov no yog:
- Paracetamol;
- Aspirin;
- Sodium metamizole;
- Diclofenac;
- Nws yog ib qho ethanol;
- Ibuprofen;
- Naproxen;
- Ketorolac;
- Piroxicam;
- Meloksikam;
- Xsefokam;
- Mefenamic acid.
Adjuvant tshuaj yog cov yeeb tshuaj uas:
- muab lawv cov nyhuv tshwm sim (antidepressants, glucocorticoids, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv);
- muaj kev txhim kho rau cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm kev siv yeeb tshuaj (narcotic analgesics) (antipsychotics);
- ntxiv dag zog rau lawv cov nyhuv quav (Clonidine, calcium antagonists).
Yuav tsis muaj zog opiates nqa:
- Codeine;
- Tramadol.
Yuav kom ntau cov yeeb tshuaj narcotic rau tshuaj loog muaj peev xwm yuav ntaus nqi:
- Propionylphenylethoxyethylpiperidine hydrochloride;
- Morphine;
- Buprenorphine;
- Fentanyl.
Tshuaj tua kab mob rau kev mob
Ntuav tsis tau tsuas yog muaj ib tus neeg tsis txaus siab, tab sis kuj ua rau lub cev ua kom lub cev qhuav dej, thiab cov mucous membranes ntawm txoj hnyuv ntxig tau cov khoom puas tsuaj. Kev tshwm sim ntawm xeev siab thiab ntuav hauv kev mob qog nqaij hlav yog qhov tshwm sim zoo heev. Vim li cas thiaj yuav txawv:
- kev kho hluav taws xob;
- chemotherapy;
- qog thiab metastases hauv lub hlwb;
- teeb meem ntawm lub qog ntawm gastrointestinal ib ntsuj av;
- raum tsis ua hauj lwm;
- metastases nyob hauv daim siab;
- kev qaug;
- kis kab mob thiab cov kab mob inflammatory.
Ua ntej yuav pib tshem tawm cov kev mob uas tsis haum siab nrog cov tshuaj, nws yuav tsum tsim kom muaj cov laj thawj. Rau qhov no, cov tshuaj uas tus neeg mob tau txais thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshawb nrhiav. Qhov ua rau ntawm tus kab mob no yuav ua rau lub hauv paus thiab peripheral. Thaum ntuav lub hauv paus mechanism, cov cuab yeej hauv qab no yog siv:
- antagonists ntawm serotonin (blockers ntawm 5 NTZ-receptors - Ondansetron, Tropisetron, Granisetron, thiab lwm yam.), yog qhov zoo tshaj hauv kev qaug;
- corticosteroids (Dexamethasone, Methylprednisolone, Solumedrol);
- Benzodiazepines (diazepam, lorazepam).
Tshuaj tua tau cov tshuaj peripheral kev ua nyob rau hauv oncology:
- atropine thiab lwm yam tshuaj anticholinergic (Platyphylline thiab Metacin);
- antihistamines (Diphenhydramine, Suprastin);
- Dopamine antagonists yog phenothiazines (Etaperazine, Torekan, Aminazine) thiab butyrophenones (Droperidol, Haloperidol), Metoclopramide (Cerucal).
Target drugs nrog cancer
Target therapy yog ib qho kev hloov tshiab nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus tawm tsam oncology. Txwv tsis pub, cov tshuaj no hu ua "ntse". Lub npe no tau txais kev pabcuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm txoj kev hloov ntawm cov kabmob, thaum lub cev nqaij thiab lub cev tsis hloov tsis hloov. Xws li cov tshuaj rau kev mob oncology tau muab kho kom qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog, txo cov tshuaj ntawm cov kws khomob thiab cov mob rau cov neeg mob. Txog rau hnub, txog 10 yam tshuaj tau raug kuaj thiab muab tso rau, txog li lwm pua raug kuaj thiab, tej zaum, yuav sai sai no siv los kho khees xawj.
Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv oncology
Muaj ntau lub tswv yim txog kev siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kabmob hauv kabmob kheesxaws. Lawv pib siv nyob rau hauv 70's. Kev xyaum tau pom tau hais tias xws li txhais tau tias tsis muab cov nyhuv tsis muaj tseeb. Nws ua tau zoo thiab tsis zoo. Immunotherapy nrog oncology yog siv rau ntau yam kev qhia:
- tom qab chemotherapy thiab irradiation nrog immuno- thiab hematological mob (Tamerite, Polyoxidonium, Glutoxim, Galavit, Neovir, Cycloferon, Roncoleukin, Leukinferon, Lycopid, Decaris, Timalin, Timogen, Miliam);
- tom qab ua haujlwm nyuaj (Polyoxidonium, Leukinferon, Galavit, Imunofan, Roncoleukin Myelopid, Lycopid);
- txhawm rau txhawm rau kho cov kab mob hauv lub cev (Polyoxidonium, Glutoxim, Leukinferon, Imunofan, Galavit);
- rau kev txiav txim rau lub neoplasm nws tus kheej (Roferon, Reaferon-EU, Intron-A, Leukocyte interferon rau txhaj);
- rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm metastases (Leukinferon, Neovir, Roncoleukin thiab Galavit), qhov ua tau zoo hauv qhov kev taw qhia no tsis tau pov thawj.
Kev npaj rau kev ua kom hemoglobin nyob rau hauv oncology
Nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg tus qe ntshav liab, txawv ntawm microcyt, macrocytic thiab normalcy anemia. Hlau npaj rau oncology yog muab tso tawm intravenously los ntawm txhaj tshuaj nrog npaj ntawm erythropoietin, uas tsim kho zus tau ntawm erythrocytes. Tsis tas li ntawd, kom mob hemoglobin nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob cancer, txoj kev ntxiv ntshav ntawm erythrocytes siv, thaum cov ntshav liab tau ntawm cov ntshav pub yog txhaj tshuaj tua kab mob. Yog li, qhov hemoglobin theem nce sai li sai tau.
Cov tshuaj tshiab hauv kev kho mob cancer
Kev hloov ntawm kev kho mob ntawm oncology, zoo li lwm yam kev coj hauv cov tshuaj, tshwm sim txhua 10 xyoo. Ntawm qhov kev txhim kho tshiab, biotherapy ntawm cov qog, tsom immunotherapy, kev taw qhia txog cov kev phais mob tshiab, thiab cov cav tov rau kev sib pab thiab kev kho kom haum. Los tsim ib cov tshuaj tshiab rau kev mob kheesxaws, nws yuav siv ntau lub sijhawm. Tom qab qhov tsim muaj, cov tshuaj kis ob peb theem kuaj.
Hnov mob cancer
Ntawm qhov tseeb kev tshawb fawb - ib tug tshiab Lavxias teb sab yeeb tshuaj tiv thaiv mob cancer, tsim los ntawm lub tuam txhab kev muag tshuaj BIOCAD, PD-1. Txij xyoo 2015 txog rau xyoo 2016, cov kev ntsuas tsiaj tau ua tiav. Cov txiaj ntsim tau qhia tawm tshaj txhua yam uas tau pib ua dhau los. Qhov no yog tib qho kev tsom xam los yog lub npe hu ua "point" "tshuaj," uas nres qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog. Tam sim no tus txheej txheem thib ob ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas yog pib. Nws npaj hais tias cov tshuaj yuav muaj rau kev siv thaum ntxov li ntawm 2018-2019.
Hom kabmob twg yog tus ntaus cov tshuaj tshiab?
Cov tshuaj tua kabmob tshiab tshiab, raws li kws tshaj lij, yog qhov zoo rau cov kev mob ntawm kev mob ntsws raws li mob ntsws cancer , lub raum, lub taub hau thiab lub caj dab, lub zais zis, lub zwj siab. Cov neeg tsim khoom cog lus hais tias txawm tias thaum lub chaw nres tsheb nres, qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tshiab yuav ua mus ntxiv, uas yuav muab sij hawm rau kev rov qab los rau cov neeg mob hnyav. Thiab feem ntau tseem ceeb, lub cuab tam yuav muaj rau cov Russians. Ob tug tau siv xws li cov tshuaj yog tsim tawm txawv teb chaws thiab muaj ib tug nqi siab heev.
Yam tshuaj twg noj tsis tau nrog oncology?
Teb cov lus nug, cov tshuaj twg ua tsis tau rau hauv oncology, nws tsim nyog nco tias qee cov tshuaj tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev kho mob ntawm oncology, tab sis kuj ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov ntau dua. Piv txwv, cov yeeb tshuaj uas ua rau cov neeg mob metabolism, cov vitamins thiab cov tshuaj anticoagulants ua rau tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog thiab metastases. Raws li qhov txiav npluav thiab cov tshuaj hormones. cov nqe lus nug tseem tseem nyob ntawm kev txais tos ntawm hlau-muaj kev npaj. Lawv yooj yim digested thiab tsis yog tswj los ntawm lub cev. Yog li ntawd, lawv tuaj yeem ua phem ntau dua qhov zoo.