Thrombocytopenia yog ib qho tsis muaj lossis tsawg ntawm cov ntshav platelets (platelets). Cov kabmob uas tsis muaj kab mob uas tsis muaj kab mob yog qhov tseem ceeb rau ntshav khov kho. Tamsim qhia thrombocytopenia tuaj yeem yog txoj sia-tuag, vim nws ua rau los ntshav thiab mob ntshav qab zib rau hauv nruab nrog cev.
Ua rau ntawm autoimmune thrombocytopenia
Qhov ua rau ntawm tus kab mob thrombocytopenia yog qhov ntau heev. Cov platelets tsis muaj peev xwm tshwm sim vim muaj teeb meem ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntshav nrog, uas tsis sib haum nrog pab pawg neeg koom siab, los yog thaum lub teb chaws antigen nkag mus hauv lub cev, piv txwv li, ib tug kab mob. Tab sis feem ntau nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev, autoimmune thrombocytopenia tsim. Qhov no yog ib qho mob uas lub cev tsis muaj "paub" nws cov neeg mob platelet, uas ua rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj tus "neeg txawv teb chaws". Yog haistias muaj tus kab mob thrombocytopenia nrog lwm tus mob, ces nws hu ua theem nrab. Nws ua rau muaj ntau yam pathologies:
- collagenoses (dermatomyositis, kev mob lupus erythematosus los yog scleroderma );
- mob ntev thiab mob nyhav (Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, myeloma);
- qee qhov mob raum thiab kab mob siab.
Yog tias autoimmune thrombocytopenia ua rau nws tus kheej ua tus kab mob lawm, ces nws yog hu ua Verlhof tus kab mob, nrog rau qhov tseem ceeb los yog muaj sia nyob rau hauv idiopathic thrombocytopenia. Qhov ua rau ntawm no mob tsis yog raws nraim. Ntawm cov teeb meem ua ntej nws txoj kev loj hlob, muaj cov kab mob kis kab mob thiab kis kab mob, kev phais mob, kev txhaj tshuaj, kev raug mob thiab kev qhia txog gamma globulin. Hauv 45% ntawm tus neeg mob, qhov tseem ceeb hauv lub plhaub taum yog tshwm sim tsis paub.
Ua rau ntawm cov khoom tsim muaj trombocytopenia
Tus kab mob trombocytopenia tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub cev, thaum cov pob txha pob txha tsis tso platelets rau hauv tus nqi uas lawv tsim nyog rau ib qho kev tawm tsam. Qhov ua rau ntawm tus kab mob no hauv cov neeg laus yog:
- aplastic anemia ;
- TAP-syndrome;
- myelodysplastic syndrome;
- myelosclerosis;
- metastases ntawm qee cov hlav hauv cov pob txha pob txha;
- qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov tshuaj (piv txwv, benzene).
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom tsim tawm thaunpias tau tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob ntshav qab zib, thaum muaj cov hlab ntsha hloov ntawm hematopoiesis, nrog kev quav dej quav cawv thiab ntau yam kab mob (viremia, miliary tuberculosis, bacteremia). Txom nyem los ntawm cov neeg tsis muaj zog platelets thiab cov neeg uas muaj lub peev xwm ntawm vitamin B12 thiab folic acid. Tej zaum yuav tsim tau cov kev tsim tawm ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tawm tsam hluav taws xob los yog raug rau cov hluav taws xob ionizing.
Ua rau cov tshuaj thrombocytopenia
Nrog cov yeeb tshuaj thaav tshuaj, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no ua rau tiv thaiv ib lub teb chaws antigen-tshuaj uas tsau nyob saum npoo ntawm platelets, los yog thaum cov antigenic qauv ntawm platelets hloov. Feem ntau, qhov ua rau muaj hom mob thrombocytopenia no yog cov tshuaj nram no:
1. Hais txog:
- Meprobamate;
- Phenobarbital;
- Sedormid;
- allyl isopropylbarbituric acid.
2. Alkaloids:
- Quinidine;
- Quinine.
- Tshuaj tua kab mob;
- Oxytetracycline;
- Streptomycin;
- Chloramphenicol;
- Ristocetin.
3. Cov kab mob sulfonamides:
- Sulfidiazine;
- Sulfamethazine.
4. Lwm cov tshuaj:
- Dinitrophenol;
- potassium iodide;
- Digitoxin;
- Carbamazepine.
Ua rau ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov neeg mob HIV
Thrombocytopenia tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau cov neeg muaj kab mob HIV. Muaj ob qho laj thawj rau qhov ua rau muaj kev mob nkeeg rau cov neeg mob:
- Ua ntej, nws yog tias HIV kis tau tus kabmob megakaryocytes, ua rau muaj qaug zog ntawm platelets.
- Qhov thib ob, cov tshuaj uas pab tua tau kab mob feem ntau ua rau tus neeg pob txha liab pob txha liab puas.