Txhua lub xeev hauv lub teb chaws muaj cov txheej txheem txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov menyuam yaus hauv ib xyoos. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas yuav pab tiv thaiv kev mob kis mob thiab ua kom muaj kev noj qab haus huv rau peb cov me nyuam. Vim li cas thiaj yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab seb lub tswv yim ntawm lawv qhov kev ua?
Txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog kev qhia txog tshwj xeeb antigenic tshuaj mus rau hauv lub cev uas muaj peev xwm tsim cov khoom neeg tsim kev tiv thaiv rau tej yam kab mob. Hauv qhov no, feem ntau cov kev txhaj tshuaj yog ua tiav raws li lub tswv yim qee yam. Qee qhov xwm txheej, yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm - rov ua dua.
Teem caij ntawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov me nyuam mus txog ib xyoos
Cia peb xav txog kauj ruam by kauj ruam ntawm lawv tus kheej:
- 1 hnub ntawm lub neej yog txuam nrog thawj koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab B.
- Hnub 3-6 tus me nyuam tau txhaj koob tshuaj BCG - yog txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tuberculosis.
- Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 1 hli, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab B yog rov ua dua.
- Cov me nyuam muaj 3 hlis yog tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus, pertussis thiab diphtheria (DTP), thiab los ntawm cov kab mob hu ua poliomyelitis thiab hemophilic infections.
- 4 lub hlis ntawm lub neej - rov qab DTP, txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob poliomyelitis thiab hemophilic infections.
- 5 hli yog lub sij hawm ntawm peb qhov DTP thim rov qab thiab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio.
- Thaum lub sij hawm 6 lub hlis, qhov thib peb ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob siab B yog ua tiav.
- 12 lub hlis - txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob measles, rubella thiab mumps.
Rau qhov kev nkag siab zoo dua, peb xav hais tias koj paub koj tus kheej nrog rau cov lus txhaj tshuaj rau cov menyuam hnub nyoog qis dua ib xyoos.
Koj yuav tsum paub tias muaj cov kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab ntxiv. Lub rooj ntawv qhia tias yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj rau cov menyuam yaus hauv ib xyoos. Qhov thib ob pawg txhaj tshuaj yog tsim los ntawm niam txiv ntawm yuav. Cov no tuaj yeem yog txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tias tus menyuam tawm mus rau teb chaws sov tauj, thiab lwm yam.
Cov tswv yim zoo li cas rau kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog dab tsi?
- Cov kab mob kislas - feem ntau txoj kev tswj hwm;
- ncauj - ob peb qoob ntawm cov tshuaj yog txhaj cov tshuaj ( OPV - los ntawm kev hnyuv tws);
- intracutaneous - qhov kev xaiv ntau tshaj plaws rau BCG;
- subcutaneously hno koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, rubella thiab mumps txhaj tshuaj;
- intranasally - nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug aososol tuaj yeem txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qhua pias, rubella thiab khaub thuas.
Cov cai ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob
Ua ntej koj txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam, koj yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob uas yuav kuaj xyuas tus menyuam. Qee lub caij nws yog qhov zoo dua los mus sab laj ib qho kev tsis haum tshuaj, kws kho paj hlwb los yog kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv immunologist. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev txiav txim siab txog kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov kuaj tau cov zis thiab tso ntshav ntawm tus menyuam.
Ua ntej koj txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, tsis txhob qhia txog cov khoom noj tsis khoom noj rau tus menyuam noj. Qhov no yuav pab koj ua cov lus txiav txim siab rau qhov kev fab ntawm lub cev tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Rau tus me nyuam nws yooj yim mus nrog koj mus rau chav pw, coj koj nyiam khoom ua si thiab txhua txoj kev tau nqig nws.
Tom qab kev txhaj tshuaj tas lawm - ua tib zoo saib xyuas tus me nyuam. Qee qhov mob, yog muaj kev kub ntxhov xws li ua npaws, xeev siab, ntuav, raws plab, los yog mob pob khaus ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj. Yog tias muaj alarms, qhia rau koj tus kws kho mob.
Contraindications rau txhaj tshuaj
- Tsis muaj ib zaug twg koj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv yog tias tus me nyuam tsis noj qab nyob zoo - nws muaj kub ib ce, mob ua pa nyuaj los yog mob plab hnyuv.
- Koj kuj yuav tsum tsis kam los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog tias qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv dhau los yog tsis zoo tom qab qhov kev txhaj tshuaj dhau los.
- Tsis txhob txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (OPV) rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
- Thaum hnyav ntawm tus menyuam mos liab tsawg tshaj 2 kg tsis ua rau BCG.
- Yog hais tias tus me nyuam muaj qhov tsis raug cai hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub paj hlwb - tsis txhob ua DPT.
- Thaum kev ua rau tus neeg ua mov ci rau cov poov xab, nws yog txwv tsis pub txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab B.
Txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv cov me nyuam hauv ib xyoos yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev noj qab nyob zoo ntawm koj tus menyuam. Nco ntsoov rau koj tus menyuam thiab ua raws li koj tus kws kho mob pom zoo.