Kev kho mob rau cov kev kuaj mob yog qhov ua tau zoo tuaj. Feem ntau cov cuab yeej niaj hnub, nrog rau cov tomographs, yog tag nrho software thiab hardware systems. Txhua qhov chaw thiab txhua yam khoom sib txuas rau lawv yog tsim nrog lub siab tshaj plaws, thiab kev ua cov ntaub ntawv, kev siv computer tshwj xeeb yog lub luag haujlwm.
Dab tsi yog CT?
Lub hauv paus ntawm kev ntaus ntawv hauv kev saib xyuas yog ib lub raj xa tawm X-rays. Nws sai sai hauv sab hauv lub nplhaib loj (nyob rau hauv gentry), nyob hauv qhov chaw uas muaj qhov rooj zaum txawb (uas tus neeg mob). Lub taw ntawm cov lus no thiab lub raj muaj synchronised. Kev piav qhia yooj yim ntawm qhov kev kuaj CT (CT Scan) yog cov duab xoo hluav taws xob ntawm qhov xav tau ntawm lub cev los ntawm ntau cov ces kaum. Yog li ntawd, ntau cov duab ntawm cov khoom nruab nrog los yog txheeb raws roj ntsha yog tau txais hauv cov seem nrog lub thickness ntawm 1 hli, uas yog tsau los ntawm ultrasensitive sensors.
Tom qab rho cov duab, lub tshuab tom tsev yog "sau" tshwj xeeb software. Txhua tus neeg uas tau sau tseg los ntawm kev kuaj xyuas hauv qhov ntsuas tau ua tiav los ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm. Ntawm cov no, qhov kev zov me nyuam "ntxiv" ib daim duab uas muaj peb sab pom ntawm cheeb tsam tshawb nrhiav, nws tshwm nyob rau hauv computer monitor. Nyob rau hauv xws li cov duab, me me organic qauv yog pom, thiab txawm dynamic hloov nyob rau hauv lawv lub zog.
Dab tsi ntawm CT yog muaj?
Cov cuab yeej kho mob muaj ua tiav txhua lub sijhawm, thiab yog li ntawd, qhov ntsuas tau zoo dua. Cov nram qab no hom CT yog muaj:
- muab kauv;
- multilayered;
- zoo ib;
- angiography;
- perfusion.
Muab kauv puag tomography
Daim ntawv no ntawm cov khoom siv tau siv rau hauv kev ntsuas ntawm kev ntsuas rau 30 xyoo. Lub tshuab hlwb hlau tom qab yog 3 qhov tseem ceeb:
- xa cov x-ray hluav taws xob;
- ib series ntawm ultrasensitive sensors raws lub circumference ntawm lub nplhaib;
- lub couch txav mus hla lub hau.
Multilayer computed tomography
Hom tshuaj ntaus ntawv no qhia txog kev tshaj tawm thiab kev tshawb fawb tshaj plaws. Multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem kuaj mob nrog ntau tus neeg soj ntsuam thiab hlab xo. Hauv cov lus piav qhia, cov kev ntsuas tau muab nruab rau hauv 2-4 kab. Nyob rau ntawm ib ncig ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg, tsis yog ib qho tab sis ob lub xoo hluav taws xob tuaj yeem tig, uas ua rau qhov kev tshawb xyuas thiab txo lub zog tawg.
Lwm yam zoo ntawm MSCT:
- tus software tshiab;
- kev daws teeb meem loj;
- optimal duab ntxig;
- kev muaj peev xwm mus cuv npe qhov kev lag luam hauv qhov tseeb;
- ntsiab lus tshaj plaws ntawm kev txiav;
- loj cheeb tsam ntawm kev pab them nqi anatomical;
- kev tsim kho ntawm 3D qauv ntawm tag nrho cov tshuab thiab kabmob.
Computed tomography nrog sib piv
Txhim khu qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom nruab nrog nyob ntawm ib sab thiab tsim kom muaj ntau yam me me ntawm kev ua haujlwm, xws li ntshav hlab ntsha, tshwj xeeb hom kev tshawb CT. Lawv qhia txog kev qhia txog kev siv yeeb tshuaj uas ua rau pom qhov txawv ntawm cov nqaij thaum lub zog X-ray. Xws li tom tsev kawm ntawv yog ua li 2 txoj hauv kev:
- Lus hauv no. Tus neeg haus dej haus tau haus nrog ib tus neeg sawv cev sib txawv. Lub ntim ntawm cov kua dej, qhov sib lawv liag thiab zaus ntawm kev tswj hwm yog xam los ntawm tus kws kho mob.
- Dhia tawm. Qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sib tov yog tswj los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj los yog los ntawm kev siv lub tshuab tsis siv neeg.
CT angiography
Hom kev tshawb fawb no tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm lub cev. Cov thev naus laus zis ntawm lub caj dab thiab lub taub hau yuav pab tau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhaws cov kab mob no, xws li kev khaus los sis ntshav qab zib, txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau pom zoo. Txhawm rau kom paub cov nqi ntawm txoj kev, qhov yeeb yam sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj iodine yog ua ntej tso rau hauv lub caj dab ulnar.
Ib qho ntawm cov niaj hnub zoo tshaj plaws thiab ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj muaj ntau lub computer tomography ntawm lub taub hau, caj dab, ceg tawv thiab lwm qhov ntawm lub cev. Ua tsaug rau cov software siv qhov kev lag luam no qhov kev tso cai los mus tsim ib qho qauv ntawm peb lub voj voog ntawm ib tus tib neeg nrog nws cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws hauv txhua lub ces kaum.
CT perfusion
Kev nthuav qhia ntawm txoj kev tshawb no yog suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab yog txoj kev los tshawb nrhiav kev txaus ntshai mob plawv. Perfusion lub computer tomography txawv ntawm tus txheej txheem txheem nrog ib qhov tsawg tuab ntawm kev txiav, uas muab ib cov qauv ntxiv 3D-qauv ntawm cov khoom. Xws li kev ua haujlwm yog ua tiav nrog cov thawj coj ntawm lub hauv nruab nrab ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov kev tswj nyob rau hauv kev tswj ntawm ib qho tsis siv neeg.
Hauv cov tshuaj, tsuas yog CT perfusion ntawm lub hlwb thiab lub siab siv. Nws pab tsis tas tsim kom muaj cov duab zoo li peb sab ntawm cov organic tswv, tiam sis tseem yuav ntsuam xyuas qhov kev siv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntshav ntawm lawv cov nqaij, cov hlab ntsha loj thiab me me. Rau cov khoom siv niaj hnub no muaj peev xwm raug pom hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag.
CT - kev taw qhia thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb
Cov cuab yeej siv no yog siv los tshuaj rau ntau lub hom phiaj. Xees tomography tuaj yeem raug tso raws li:
- kev ntsuam xyuas;
- kev kuaj mob thaum muaj xwm ceev;
- npaj soj ntsuam xyuas;
- kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm txoj kev kho mob zoo;
- tswj qhov kev siv ntawm kev kho mob thiab kev tshawb nrhiav kev tswj cev.
CT - kev taw qhia rau:
- tsaus muag ;
- mob taub hau;
- qhuav ntev hnoos qhuav;
- kub cev;
- convulsive syndrome;
- kev hloov hauv kev puas hlwb;
- lub taub hau raug mob;
- los ntshav;
- focal tsis ua pa nyuaj;
- tuag tes tuag taw;
- kev paub txog mob hlwb ;
- ntshav siab;
- hypoventilation ntawm lub ntsws;
- meningism;
- mob hauv ib feem ntawm lub cev uas tsis paub keeb kwm;
- ruaj khov hauv kev sib luag thiab zoo ntawm cov quav;
- digestive mob;
- impaired mobility ntawm qaum thiab pob qij txha;
- ntsuas phoo ;
- pathology ntawm cov kab mob ntsws;
- sab hauv ;
- Kab mob ntawm cov hniav thiab qhov ncauj kab;
- suspicion ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm neoplasms ntawm tej yam zoo;
- loj paresis thiab lwm yam mob.
Contraindications manipulation tsis siv tus neeg sawv cev sib txawv:
- cev xeeb tub;
- Lub cev hnyav tshaj qhov siab tshaj plaws rau lub cuab yeej uas twb muaj lawm.
CT nrog iodine-muaj tshuaj muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo sib xws, thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem ua rau hauv xws li:
- myeloma;
- ib qho kev fab rau ib tus neeg saib xyuas sib luag;
- ntshav qab zib mellitus nyob rau hauv ib theem loj heev;
- raum tsis ua hauj lwm ;
- kev tsis zoo siab ntawm ib tus neeg;
- pathology ntawm cov thyroid caj pas.
Dab tsi yog cov tomography qhia?
Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov ntsiab lus tshawb nrhiav pom, nws yog ib qhov ua tau los ntsuam xyuas tag nrho cov organic cov qauv. Yam twg CT yog qhia nyob ntawm qhov laj thawj ntawm nws lub hom phiaj, thaj chaw nyob rau hauv kev tshawb xyuas thiab hom txheej txheem. Lub tshuab computer lom neeg tom qab siv los kuaj kab mob hauv lub cev, cov nqaij mos, pob txha thiab pob qij txha. Angiography thiab perfusion yog siv rau cov kab mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha loj thiab me me.
Computed tomography ntawm lub plab kab noj hniav
Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no, qhov kev ntsuas yuav pab qhia cov pathologies ntawm cov kabmob ntawm cov hnyuv. Tom qab cov kua xoos, tus kab mob, cov hnyuv, daim kab xev, tus kws kho mob yuav tsum tau muab rau thaum muaj teeb meem hauv qab no:
- tus abscess;
- hlwv;
- kis mob txhab;
- aneurysms;
- qog;
- ntau ntxiv los yog mob cov qog ntshav hauv siab;
- muaj cov khoom txawv teb chaws;
- diverticula;
- sab hauv;
- appendicitis;
- niam txiv anomalies.
Lub computer tomography ntawm txoj hnyuv yog siv qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov sib txawv. Ua ntej kev tswjhwm, tus neeg mob yuav tau haus dej haus tshuaj iodine-specific. Ua tsaug rau daim ntawv thov ntawm txoj kev sib txawv, qhov qauv peb ntawm cov hnyuv yuav qhia meej meej tsis tsuas yog cov phab ntsa hauv lub cev, tab sis kuj lub network ntawm cov hlab ntsha, cov kab mob ntawm lub cev thiab lub xeev ntawm cov hnyuv membranes.
Computed tomography ntawm lub hauv siab
Qhov kev tshawb fawb no qhia cov ncauj lus qhia txog txoj hlab ntsws, lub plawv, txoj hlab pas, qhov nqaij, lub hauv siab qog thiab cov nqaij mos. Lub tshuab tom qab ntawm lub ntsws thiab lub ntsaws tshuaj yog pom zoo rau kev kuaj xyuas cov kab mob xws li:
- kab mob los sis kis tus kab mob;
- oncological qog;
- aneurysm;
- embolism;
- tuberculosis;
- mob ntsws o ;
- kev loj hlob anomalies;
- tom qab hloov kev hloov;
- metastases;
- atelectasis;
- pleurisy;
- sarcoidosis;
- cov hlwv hauv dej khov;
- tus abscess.
Lwm yam kabmob uas pabcuam kev tshawb tom tsev hauv tom tsev:
- kab mob plawv thiab cov hlab ntsha loj;
- neoplasm nyob rau hauv cov qog nqaij;
- mediastinitis;
- hiatal hernia;
- tuag tes tuag taw ntawm lub diaphragm;
- gastroesophageal reflux;
- anomalies nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob ntawm mediastinum;
- lymphogranulomatosis thiab lwm tus.
Computed tomography ntawm lub hlwb
Qhov kev kuaj mob ntawm lub hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub hauv paus paj hlwb yog siv rau tom qab ntawm cov kev hloov hauv nws txoj haujlwm. Ua ntej tus txheej txheem, tus kws kho mob yuav tsum piav qhia txog tus kab CT CTI ntawm lub hlwb yog - cov duab xoo hluav taws xob los ntawm ntau cov ces kaum, uas koj yuav tau txais cov duab zoo (slices) kom tsim tau cov qauv 3D.
Manipulation yuav pab rau kev tshawb nrhiav kab mob thiab kev raug mob ntawm lub cev, kom ntsuam xyuas qhov kev siv ntawm kev sib xyaw hauv vasculature, los soj ntsuam txoj kev kho mob. Lub computer tomography ntawm lub hlwb qhia txog cov kev ua txhaum nram no:
- strokes;
- benign thiab malignant hlav;
- hematomas;
- kev raug mob;
- tus abscess;
- mob pathology ntawm ntshav kev;
- tus mob plab;
- meningitis;
- txawv teb chaws hauv cov nqaij mos;
- hlwv;
- pojniam lossis txivneej lossis pojniam txivneej;
- edema;
- txhuam hauv qhov hauv paus ntawm pob txha taub hau;
- kev nce hauv cov kab noj ntawm lub hlwb;
- hydrocephalus;
- venous thrombi;
- teeb meem ntawm ischemic tawm tsam los yog cwj nrag;
- mob ntawm cov hemispheres thiab lwm tus.
Lub computer tomography ntawm cov hniav
Qhov kev tshawb fawb no yuav tsum muaj rau cov kab mob hnyav los sis xav tau kev pab cuam hauv phais hauv X-ray tswj. Computer tomography ntawm lub puab tsaig pab nrhiav tau:
- neoplasms;
- hlwv;
- o ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg puag ncig;
- cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm ncig thiab tom qab;
- qhov kuaj pom muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov hniav txhab;
- yug me nyuam yug los;
- kev raug mob ntawm lub puab tsaig;
- hloov hauv cov kaus hniav membranes;
- pathology ntawm pulp;
- kab mob ntawm hauv paus canals;
- kev mob plawv hauv lub network ntawm cov hlab ntsha me me;
- anomalies ntawm frontal thiab nasal sinuses.
Computed tomography ntawm tus txha nqaj qaum
Nthuav tau ntxig ntxig rau qhov qhia paub tseeb tias mob hnyav nraub qaum thiab ua rau nws muaj mob. Dab tsi qhia tau hais tias CT ntawm tus txha nqaj:
- tawg;
- osteoporosis;
- deformation;
- osteochondrosis;
- hernia;
- hloov nyob rau hauv lub lumen ntawm tus kw txha nqaj;
- kev puas tsuaj ntawm vertebrae;
- abscesses;
- compression ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm cov leeg txha caj dab;
- mob pob txuam ntawm cov pob txaig intervertebral;
- qog;
- metastases los ntawm cov chaw nyob ze;
- hemorrhage;
- spondylosis;
- tawg nyob rau hauv lub vertebrae;
- scoliosis;
- kab mob rheumatic;
- stenosis;
- mob;
- instability ntawm vertebrae;
- myelopathy;
- cia li ntawm cov hlab ntsha.
Lub computer tomography ntawm cov sinuses ntawm lub qhov ntswg
Cov txheej txheem nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas muab ib qho kev soj ntsuam ntawm tag nrho cov khoom ntawm cov hlab ntsws txoj hlab pas:
- cov teeb meem txhaum cai;
- frontal sinuses;
- latticed labyrinth;
- wedge-puab kab noj hniav.
Lub tshuab tom qab ntawm lub qhov ntswg qhia:
- tsis ua haujlwm;
- sinusitis;
- sinusitis;
- frontitis;
- sphenoiditis;
- qog ntawm mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm txhua yam zoo;
- inflammatory processes;
- polyps;
- adenoids;
- deformities, pob txha thiab lwm yam mob pob txha;
- cov khoom txawv teb chaws;
- muaj kev sib thooj hauv lub cev.