Lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Hagia Sophia hauv Constantinople (tam sim no Istanbul ) tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 4 AD. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm XV caug xyoo raws li ib tug ntawm ntes ntawm lub European lub nroog los ntawm lub Ottoman Turks, lub cathedral los ua ib tug mosque Islamic. Nyob rau hauv 1935, Hagia Sophia Cathedral nyob rau hauv Istanbul tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm ib lub pov thawj, thiab nyob rau hauv 1985 nws muaj xws li UNESCO World Heritage Site raws li keeb kwm monument.
Hagia Sophia nyob qhov twg?
Lub npe ntawm tus poj Byzantium yog tam sim no lub npe hu ua Lub Tsev Khaws Taws Xeeb ntawm Aya-Sophia thiab nyob rau hauv koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Sultanahmet - nyob rau hauv lub qub chaw ntawm Turkish Istanbul.
Leej twg los ua Hagia Sophia?
Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub cathedral ntawm St. Sophia tau pib nyob rau hauv thawj peb lub hlis twg ntawm lub xyoo pua IV nyob rau hauv lub reign ntawm Roman Emperor Constantine lub Great - tus tsim ntawm lub peev ntawm lub Empire ntawm Constantinople. Nyob rau hauv 1380 Emperor Theodosius Kuv muab lub tsev teev ntuj rau Orthodox Christians thiab tsa Archbishop Gregory lub Theologian. Muaj ntau lub sij hawm lub tsev teev ntuj tau muab vim hluav taws kub thiab puas los ntawm av qeeg txhua. Nyob rau xyoo 1453, lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Hagia Sophia tau tig mus rau hauv ib lub tsev teev ntuj, plaub minarets thiab pob zeb tau txua ntxiv mus rau nws, kom hloov tau qhov pom dav dav ntawm cov qauv vaj tse, thiab npog cov duab ntawm lub tuam tsev. Tsuas yog tom qab Hagia Sophia tau tshaj tawm tias ib lub tsev khaws khoom pov thawj, lawv tau tshem cov txheej hauv plaster los ntawm ntau qhov chaw thiab cov mosaics.
Architecture ntawm Hagia Sophia
Vim tias muaj ntau txoj kev kho tshiab thiab kho kom rov qab los ntawm lub tsev qub, tsis muaj ib yam tseem ceeb. Tab sis feem ntau, cov architecture ntawm cov majestic qauv khaws cov nta xam nrog Byzantine kos duab: ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm splendor thiab solemnity. Niaj hnub no, Hagia Sophia nyob rau hauv Qaib Cov Txwv yog ib tus qauv quadrangular uas tsim peb naves. Basilica yog crowned los ntawm ib tug loj heev dome hom plaub caug arches txhawb los ntawm loj loj txhua ntawm malachite thiab porphyry. Nyob rau sab nruab nrab ntawm lub dome 40 qhov rais, ntxiv rau, 5 qhov rais muaj nyob hauv txhua lub niche. Lub zog thiab lub zog ntawm cov phab ntsa, raws li kws txawj, yog muab los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias ib qho Extract ntawm tshauv nplooj raug ntxiv rau mortar.
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Kev pomposity yog kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov cathedral: paub meej ntawm cov pob zeb ci ci xim av, zoo nkauj mosaics rau hauv pem teb kub, mosaic compositions rau ntawm cov phab ntsa, cov cim ntawm cov phau ntawv keeb kwm thiab keeb kwm, as well as floral ornaments. Nyob rau hauv lub mosaic ua hauj lwm peb lub sij hawm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm daim duab no yog cov qhia meej meej, tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev coj tus kheej ntawm kev siv xim thiab tsim duab.
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Lub qhov muag ntawm lub tuam tsev yog 8 kab zeb ntawm ib qho xim ntsuab, uas tau tshwm sim ib zaug ntawm lub tuam tsev hauv Artemis nyob hauv Efexaus , thiab lub npe "sab sau". Raws li txoj kev ntseeg, yog tias koj kov lub qhov nyob rau hauv kem nrog cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm tooj liab thiab tib lub sijhawm xav tias muaj dej noo, ces lub siab ntshaw yuav muaj tseeb tiag.
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Kev nthuav qhia ntawm Aya-Sophia yog ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm cov cim ntawm cov cim Christian, Yexus Khetos, Niam Vaj, Saints, Cov Vajluskub qub thiab cov lus ntawm Kaulees, nyob rau hauv cov loj loj shields. Cov paj xyeem tshwj xeeb yog cov ntawv sau ua ntawm pob zeb npuaj pas hauv ntau centuries. Cov feem ntau yog cov Scandinavian runes, sab laug los ntawm Warriors-Varangians nyob rau hauv Nrab Hnub nyoog. Tam sim no lawv tau them nrog tshwj xeeb hnyav-transparent cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv runic inscriptions los ntawm erasure.
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Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los, ib lub tuam txhab loj heev tau tuav nws lub Hagia Sophia rau Orthodox Christianity, raws li txoj kev npaj. Cov ntseeg nyob rau ntau lub teb chaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb koom nrog cov kev xav kom rov qab lub qub tuam tsev mus Orthodoxy, kom cov neeg ntseeg muaj lub sijhawm los thov Vajtswv hauv pawg ntseeg.