Txhua lub vaj kab ke yuav tsum yog tus neeg mus kom tau ib qho zoo. Txawm tias cov neeg paub txog kev yuav haus luam yeeb yuav ua yuam kev thaum xaiv qhov chaw nyob ntawm qhov chaw los sis qhov dej ntau zaus, uas tom qab yuav cuam tshuam qhov zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw.
Cov yeeb nkab zoo li cas?
Qhov no nroj tsuag yuav ua tau perennial los yog txhua xyoo. Nws yog nyob rau hauv tsev neeg ntawm Solanaceae thiab cog qoob los tsim kev haus luam yeeb raw khoom - nplooj uas qhuav thiab hauv av siv los sau cov luam yeeb thiab kav dej. Ua ntej cog nws yog tsim nyog yuav ua rau ib tug xaiv, dab tsi hom luam yeeb yog zoo dua rau kev loj hlob, txheej txheem los ntawm nws cov nta:
- Luam yeeb yog rustic. Ordinary makhorka, raws li nws tseem hu ua, hlob mus rau 120 cm thiab muaj ob lub sij hawm tsawg dua nicotine tshaj li Virgin ntau. Yellowish paj muaj ib lub pob zeb nrog ib lub pob zeb luv luv thiab sib npaug. Hauv nruab nrab txoj siv thiab nyob rau sab qab teb, makhorka tau loj hlob txij thaum xyoo 19th, los ntawm thawj hnub sov so kom txog thaum lig Autumn. Hom no - Ostrolist 316, Samsun 85, Turkish, Durman.
- Luam yeeb yog nkauj xwb. Nws kuj yog hu ua "haus luam yeeb tiag" (Nicotiana tabacum) rau qhov tseeb tias nws qhov kev saj yog chav zoo. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws feature characterizing yuav ua li cas loj hlob ntau yam ntawm haus luam yeeb ntawm pawg no yog suav hais tias yog nws high thermophilic zog. Tua nws yuav muab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam nrog high humidity los yog kub lub caij ntuj sov. Pawg no suav nrog "Jubilee New 142", "Trapezond 92", "Trapezond Kubanets" thiab "Pehlets".
Cog luam yeeb
Ib puas ntawm ib hectare ntawm av tau sau mus txog 40 kg ntawm luam yeeb raw khoom, muab hais tias tus neeg haus luam yeeb nruab nrab tsuas yog 8 kg ib xyoo. Cog ntawm kev haus luam yeeb thiab kev saib xyuas rau nws yog nqa tawm, raws li hom cog. Nws tau raug experimentally tsim hais tias thaum cog ncaj qha rau hauv av, qhov no nroj tsuag yog loj txwv nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob thiab yields ib negligible tawm los. Yog li ntawd, haus luam yeeb yog cog los ntawm seedlings raws li nram no:
- Tobacco rau seedlings yog sown nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov-nruab nrab-Lub ob hlis ntuj nyob rau ntawm lub tsev. Ua ntej no, lub noob yog soaked nyob rau hauv dej rau ib hnub twg, nyob rau hauv uas koj muaj peev xwm ntxiv ib me ntsis poov tshuaj permanganate kom disinfect lub noob.
- Noob yog ntxuav 2-3 lub sij hawm thiab qhuav.
- Cov av yog khov kho loos, vim nws yog ib qhov ua tau kom loj hlob haus luam yeeb tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib qho av uas muaj oxygen.
- Nyob rau hauv ib lub thawv los yog peat pots 4-5 cm ntawm av yog poured, tab sis qhov tob ntawm immersion ntawm noob yuav tsum tsis txhob tshaj 0.5 cm.
- Tom qab cog lub noob, lawv sprinkled nrog lub ntiaj teb thiab abundantly watered. Lub thawv yog them nrog ib tug movie: lub tua nyob rau hauv nws yuav pom rau 6-10 hnub, nyob ntawm seb lub ntsuas kub ntawm huab cua nyob rau hauv lub chav tsev.
- Raws li tsim nyog, cov av yog poured thiaj li hais tias nws ncav lub cotyledon nplooj, pub kom lub sprouts yuav tuag.
Lub tswv yim ntawm kev cog qoob loo
Nyob rau hauv kev nyiam ntawm txhua tus trucker - qhov yooj yim muab nkag rau ntawm kab rau yooj yim watering, loosening los yog transplanting yog tias tsim nyog. Cog luam yeeb rau hauv av qhib rau ntawm qhov chaw yuav tsum raug kho kom pom zoo rau tag nrho cov xwm txheej saum toj no. Muaj ob txoj hauv kev npaj txaj:
- Tshem Tawm. Cov qib qib nrog loj hlob tuaj yeem cog rau hauv greenhouses hauv cov thawv pendant nrog kua qhov hauv qab. Qhov kev xaiv no yog tsim rau kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub caij txias, yog tias koj npaj yuav sau ib xyoos ob zaug.
- Kab rov tav. Qhov chaw kawm nyob rau hauv qhov chaw qhib yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj qhov zoo ib yam, vim hais tias cog kev haus luam yeeb hauv paj ntoo zoo siv thaj chaw ntawm thaj av. Cov kab ncaj ncaj tuaj yeem faib tau los ntawm grooves mus pab txhawb dej.
Qhov ze ntawm kev cog qoob loo
Tug qauv faib ntawm sprouts tom qab loj hlob yog xaiv raws li qib twg nws belongs rau. Ua ntej cog qoob cog qoob loo, koj yuav tsum xaiv qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov caij tsheb, vim tias lawv tau npaj ua ntej. Nyob rau hauv Autumn lawv scrupulously ntxuav ntawm weeds thiab fertilized nrog organic additives nrog poov tshuaj thiab magnesium. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav tua raug muab tso rau hauv cov av nyob rau hauv ib ntawm ob hom:
- 70x100 cm Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov qoob loo yog pom tias yog kev pom zoo rau cov nkauj xwb uas yog kev loj hlob zoo. Lawv muaj lub hauv paus uas muaj zog heev, nquag ua rau lub pob tsuag, uas tiv thaiv tau los ntawm kev nthuav cov kab nrug ntawm kab.
- 50x30 cm Tuber hom yog deterministic, yog li lawv compact paus system txaus 50 cm ntawm kab thiab 30 cm nruab nrab ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Lub sij hawm ntawm cog ntawm Sweet-haus luam yeeb
Seedlings muaj yuav pauv mus rau qhib hauv av yog tias muaj twb twb 3-4 tiag tiag nplooj on lub qia. Feem ntau, lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm lub sij hawm no yog 40-45 hnub. Cov nplooj nyoos luam yeeb muaj peev xwm muab tau los ntawm kev hloov qoob mus rau cov av ntawm hnub nyoog 30 hnub, raws li tau ua nyob rau hauv ib txhia thaj tsam ntawm Amelikas. Lub caij nyoog ntawm cog kev haus luam yeeb yog xam nyiaj mus rau hauv tus account lub cheeb tsam ntawm kev loj hlob:
- Nyob rau sab qab teb, thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav pub rau koj ua ib qho kev hloov ua ntej thaum Lub Peb Hlis 2-3. Pre-temper lub nroj tsuag tsis tsim nyog.
- Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab band, haus luam yeeb yog cog rau seedlings tom qab thiab pauv mus qhib hauv av nyob rau hauv lig May - thaum ntxov Lub Plaub Hlis Ntuj.
- Hauv cov cheeb tsam txias, cov luam yeeb yuav cog tau hauv cov cua sov, ua kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib hloov ntawm lub sij hawm hloov mus rau ib hnub tshwj xeeb vim muaj kev sib luag.
Tej yam xwm txheej rau kev haus luam yeeb
Kev paub ntawm lub scheme ntawm cog thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm seedlings yog tsis txaus kom tau ib tug tag nrho sau. Ib tug ntau dua lub zog rau ntawm palatability ntawm nplooj ntoos yog muab los ntawm kev cai ntawm kev loj hlob los ntawm tshem lub diseased thiab tuag nplooj, lub sij hawm muab tshem tawm ntawm paj. Tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi ntau npaum li cas ib tug xav kom loj hlob haus luam yeeb hauv cheeb tsam nroog suburban uas muaj qhov mob hnyav, muaj tej yam uas yuav tsis kam:
- Humidity. Yog hais tias dej tsis txaus vim yog lub caij ntuj qhuav qhuav, cov av noo los yog cov roj pleev rau hauv lub vaj. Cov tswv teb cog qoob loo, ntseeg tias yuav ua li cas cog qoob loo, siv nyiaj ntau ntau rau kev txhim kho cov khoom siv no, thaum cov neeg ua liaj ua teb tsis muaj peev xwm tsis xav tias kev ua li cas moistening tseem ceeb rau cov kua thiab aroma ntawm nplooj.
- Kev txhim kho kev loj hlob. Stephens thiab buds yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm, thiaj li hais tias tag nrho cov juices mus rau kev loj hlob ntawm nplooj. Tobacco pib ripen los ntawm qab ntawm cov nroj tsuag, yog li nws tau yooj yim ciaj sia mus txog tsib txiav ntawm nplooj. Yog qee leej raug mob, lawv raug tshem tawm thaum lub sij hawm sau qoob.
Kub ntawm haus luam yeeb loj hlob
Ntawm txhua theem ntawm nroj maturation, nws xav tau ib yam kub regime. Nyob rau hauv qhib hauv av nws yog nyuaj rau tswj los ntawm sab nraud - piv txwv li, thaum lub sij hawm cultivation ntawm lub zos haus luam yeeb (makhorka) nyob rau hauv nruab nrab txoj kab. Yog li ntawd gardeners sim kho lub ntuj kub hloov mus rau hauv tus account hais tias:
- seedlings yuav tsum tau rooted tom qab kev sib hloov ntawm 20-22 ° C;
- kev loj hlob ntawm loj nplooj pib ntawm 25-28 ° C;
- Lub cropping xaus thaum kub tee mus rau 15-18 ° C.
Kev loj hlob luam yeeb hauv lub teb chaws - av
Hauv Teb chaws Cuba thiab hauv Amelikas, thaj av cog qoob cog qoob loo yeej tsis tau kho nrog cov tsheb laij teb, vim hais tias lawv tau cog cov av. Qhov haus luam yeeb yog loj hlob, fertilizer, watering thiab collection yog ua los ntawm tes rau tib qho laj thawj. Ntawm qhov dacha koj tuaj yeem rov qab tau rau tib lub sijhawm los ntawm kev tsim kab dav dav kom tsis txhob poob muag hauv av ze ntawm cov nroj tsuag thaum mus ncig ntawm lub vaj. Kev saib xyuas ntawm cov av muab kev ua raws li cov cai no:
- Siv raws li ib tug humus xyoo dhau los ntawm luam yeeb bushes thiab keeb kwm sab laug tom qab harvesting.
- Tswj nyob rau theem ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov av. Nws overabundance yuav hnov li cas los ntawm nplooj ntoos lethargy on tua txawm thaum lawv nyob rau hauv duab ntxoov ntxoo. Koj tuaj yeem tau tshem ntawm nws los ntawm kev ntxiv xuab zeb mus rau saum txheej ntawm cov av thiab mam li loosening.
- Saib xyuas qhov tob ntawm plowing. Cov av rau cog yuav tsum tau nyob ib tug siab kawg nkaus ntawm 20-25 cm.
Kev saib xyuas ntawm luam yeeb
Thaum lub seedling ncav ib qhov siab ntawm 25 cm, nws pib xav tau ib tug duab ntxoov ntxoo kom muab lub nplooj ntoos ib tug muaj zog saj thiab ib tug subtle flavor. Tom qab tsaws hauv av, qhov kev saib xyuas rau kev haus luam yeeb hloov: nws yuav tsum tsim kom muaj lub rooj zaum lossis chaw nkaum saum txaj los tsim kev ntxoov ntxoo rau cov hnub kub kub. Kom nws txhim khu kev qha, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau soj ntsuam tej yam kev mob:
- Nyob rau ntawm sawv ntawm lub txaj yuav tsum tau digged 4 pegs ntawm thickness txaus mus rau sab lub qhov ceeb thawj ntawm lub awning los ntawm nyias ntaub los yog zaj duab xis.
- Pegs yuav tsum tau mus rau immersed mus rau ib tug tob ntawm 5-7 cm yam tsawg kawg nkaus, yog li koj tsis tas yuav xav txog yuav ua li cas kom loj hlob haus luam yeeb nyob rau hauv ib tug tsis tu ncua tsev pheeb suab.
- Ntxiv dag zog ntawm "ceg" yuav ntxiv nrog kev pab cuam ntawm pob zeb los yog gravel, poured mus rau hauv lub qhov taub rau lub installation.
- Ntawm lub pegs, tom qab ua tiav cov kev tswj no, ib daim ntawm daim ntaub los yog cov zaj duab xis vov ntev dua qhov loj ntawm txoj kab.
Luam loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub vaj teb - watering
Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau qhov tseeb hais tias qhov no kab lis kev cai hlub copious dej nyob rau ntawm lub germination theem, nws nyiam kom loj hlob nyob rau hauv moist tiam sis tsis marshy xau. Ntawm qhov tseem ceeb yog txoj kev ntawm dej. Ib dav hlau ntawm cov dej raws li cov hauv paus hniav, ua rau lawv thiab ua rau tus kab mob no nrog lub fungus. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov phau ntawv hais tias yuav ua li cas kom loj hlob haus luam yeeb rau hauv vaj, nws yog qhia hais tias nws yuav tsum tau watered nrog dej. Txau los ntawm hom dej me me los ntawm phom cov tshuaj tsuag yog ua tiav rau hauv kev txiav txim rau cov dej mus txog ntawm qia thiab nplooj.
Kev saib xyuas ntawm kev haus luam yeeb seedlings - to top hnav khaub ncaws
Lub hauv paus ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog li ntawd muaj zog uas lawv xav tau ib qho nyuaj sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws, yog li tag nrho cov kev siv zog yuav tsum tau tswj ntawm accelerating kev loj hlob ntawm nplooj thiab nce lawv cheeb tsam. Cultivation thiab cog ntawm haus luam yeeb yog nrog los ntawm watering nrog nram qab no ntxiv dressings:
- phosphorus;
- ammonium nitrate ;
- noog dej;
- sulphate los yog potassium chloride.
Luam loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws - kab mob thiab pests
Ntxiv nrog rau qhov niaj zaus fungal lesions rau horticultural qoob loo, muaj lwm yam kev piam sij rau qia thiab nplooj. Kev to taub seb yuav tsim cov luam yeeb los yog luam yeeb hauv tsev, nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv tau cov cab thiab lwm yam kab mob. Ntawm lawv, qhov feem ntau cov teeb meem yog:
- Dub paus rot. Nws cuam tshuam cov tub ntxhais hluas cov nroj tsuag, vim hais tias ntawm dab tua nrog wither thiab ploj, thiab nyob rau hauv paus ntawm qhov tshwm dub-xim av me ntsis.
- Bronze txiv lws suav. Tus kab mob ntawm lws suav seedlings kuj cuam tshuam kev haus luam yeeb: ntawm lub qia tshwm ib ncig thiab arcs - khoom siv ntawm qeeb nqaij tuag qeeb.
- Qhuav paus rot. Txhua tus neeg tu vajtse to taub tias nws nyuaj npaum li cas yog kev haus luam yeeb yog tias nws cov hauv paus hniav maj mam qhuav. Qhuav rot wrinkles lawv, disrupting lub thauj ntawm noo noo thiab muab kev pab cuam.
- Dub ceg. Tus kab mob thim lub qia, ua rau nws taus thiab brittle. Lub hauv paus ntawm cov nroj tsuag dhau dub raws li lub microorganism tsim nyob rau hauv lub npe Rhizoctonia solani Kuehn.