Melanin yog lub plig xim rau xim tawv nqaij, plaub hau, qhov muag ntawm ib tug neeg. Thiab teeb meem nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob ntawm no pigment yuav ua rau xws li ib tug kab mob phem heev li melanoma. Melanoma yog ib qho mob qog nqaij hlav, nyob rau hauv 90% tshwm sim ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Hauv 10% ntawm cov mob melanoma tuaj yeem ua rau lub qhov muag, qhov hnyuv, lub hlwb thiab lub hlwb, thiab cov nqaij mos.
Tsis ntev los no, nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas nrog lub deterioration ntawm ecological qhov teeb meem, melanoma tau los ua ib tus kab mob haum, uas txhua xyoo yuav siv sij hawm ntau tus lub neej. Lub hauv paus loj yog cov laus, tab sis tawv melanoma tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum muaj hnub nyoog, los ntawm kev hluas.
Thawj cov cim thiab tom qab cov kab mob ntawm cov tawv nqaij melanoma
Raws li txoj cai, cov neeg mob lig xa mus rau cov kws tshwj xeeb, thiab yog li ntawd lub lethality ntawm tus kab mob no yog heev. Tab sis vim cov tsos mob ntawm cov tawv nqaij melanoma tuaj yeem pom nrog lub qhov muag liab qab, nws tsis yooj yim rau kev ntsuam xyuas tus kab mob rau lub sijhawm. Cia peb pom cov cim thiab cov tsos mob ntawm melanoma yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib rau lub sijhawm ntsib tus kws kho mob.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog qhov "degeneration" ntawm lub nevus (yug me nyuam los yog hnub yug). Yog tias koj pom ib qho kev hloov hauv qhov tsos, ces koj yuav tsum tau mus soj ntsuam. Cov kev hloov yuav ua tau ntau yam:
- nce qib yug (hnub yug);
- kev hloov ntawm kev sib ceg, kev pom ntawm asymmetrical (dentate) sawv;
- hloov cov xim ntawm lub hnub yug rau sab ntawm darkening (qee zaus nws tuaj yeem ci liab los yog nplhaib);
- qhov kev hloov hauv cov qauv ntawm lub mole (birthmark) - pib ntub, khaus, o o;
- o ntawm cov qog ntshav tawm tsam ib qho ntawm cov saum toj no.
Kev loj hlob ntawm daim tawv nqaij melanoma los ntawm ib tug mole feem ntau tau nce raws li cov nram qab no scenario: lub mole, rau tsis paub tseeb los yog tom qab raug mob, pib nce nyob rau hauv loj, hloov xim thiab maj nce, ua ib tug bulging qog.
Cov tsos mob nram qab no ntawm melanoma yog qhov tseeb tshaj plaws rau kev kuaj mob:
- cov plaub hau poob ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub nevus;
- tev daim tawv nqaij nrog cov tsim tawm ntawm "crusts";
- lub disappearance ntawm daim tawv nqaij qauv ntawm qhov chaw;
- tshwm sim ntawm cov kev sib koom tes (satellites - ua pob ua pob ntawm daim tawv nqaij, nyob ze ntawm lub qog ua kom pom tseeb, tuav nws thawj xim);
- ci thiab du (tsom iav) saum npoo ntawm mole.
Cov tsos mob ntawm subungual melanoma lossis melanoma ntawm tus ntsia thawv
Tus kabmob ntawm tus ntsia thawv phaj yog kwv yees li 3% ntawm tag nrho cov kev kuaj pom. Cov tsos mob ntawm tus ntsia thawv melanoma muaj raws li nram no:
- feem ntau tus kab mob no tshwm sim ntawm tus ntiv tes xoo;
- cov ntsia thawv tsaus ntuj (los yog ib qho tsaus ntuj nti tshwm);
- muaj o ntawm tus ntiv tes;
- nrog lub sij hawm ntev, cov ntsia thawv yog tawg thiab ib qho syphilis lossis pus yog raug rho tawm;
- Raws li qhov melanoma hlob zoo, nws tau txais ib daim tawv nqaij daj los yog xim dub.
Cov tsos mob ntawm qhov muag melanoma
Melanoma ntawm lub qhov muag yog ib hom kab mob zoo heev. Thaum xub thawj, tsis muaj cov tsos mob yuav tshwm sim. Tab sis cov nram qab no yuav muaj kev ceeb toom:
- cov tsos ntawm ib photopsy - xim flashes, sparks, dots;
- deterioration tsis pom kev ;
- cov tsos mob ntawm metamorphosis - ib distortion ntawm lub xaav ntawm qhov ntau, qhov ntev, ncua kev xav hauv kev xaav;
- qhov pom ntawm qhov "qhov muag tsis pom qhov" pom;
- tejzaum nws hloov pigmentation ntawm iris;
- opacification ntawm retina;
- o ntawm lub qhov muag.
Qee cov tsos mob yuav tshwm sim ua ntej tus mob qog tsim kom muaj thiab qhov mob tau los kuaj. Nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub qog, nws yog ib qhov ua tau thiab xws li tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob:
- secondary glaucoma;
- hemorrhages nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag;
- detachment ntawm retina.