Proteinogenic amino acids yog 20 amino acids, uas txawv nyob rau hauv tias lawv yog encoded los ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic code, thiab muaj nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm txhais lus rau cov proteins . Lawv raug cais raws li cov qauv thiab qhov sib lawv liag ntawm lawv cov chains.
Cov khoom ntawm proteinogenic amino acids
Cov khoom ntawm cov amino acids no nyob ntawm lawv cov chav kawm. Thiab lawv tau muab cais los ntawm ntau yam tsis muaj, ntawm cov uas koj tuaj yeem sau:
- los ntawm cov radical (them "+" thiab "-", ncov qaum tsis muaj pauv, nonpolar);
- los ntawm tej pawg neeg (phluog-muaj amino acids, aliphatic, aromatic, imino acids thiab heterocyclic compounds);
- los ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm catabolism (ketogenic amino acids, glycogen, thiab cov sib txuas ntawm hom tshuaj sib xyaw);
- los ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj (monobasic, acidic, dicarboxylic amino acids);
- los ntawm keeb kwm (amines, natural amino acids tau artificially).
Txhua chav kawm muaj nws tus cwj pwm.
Kev faib tawm ntawm proteinogenic amino acids
Muaj xya cov chav kawm ntawm cov amino acids (lawv tuaj yeem pom hauv lub rooj). Xav txog lawv li hais:
- Aliphatic cov amino acids. Cov pab pawg no suav nrog alan, valine, glycine, leucine thiab isoleucine.
- Sulfur-muaj cov amino acids. Hom no muaj xws li acids xws li methionine thiab cysteine.
- Aromatic amino acids. Pawg no muaj xws li phenylalanine, histidine, tyrosine, thiab tryptophan.
- Tsis zoo cov amino acids. Pawg no suav nrog serine, threonine, asparagine, proline, glutamine.
- Imino acids. Proline, lub caij tsuas nyob hauv pawg no, nws yog qhov tseeb tshaj qhov hu nws ua ib qho amino acid ntau dua li cov amino acid.
- Acidic cov amino acids . Aspartic thiab glutamic acids muaj nyob hauv pawg no.
- Cov amino acids uas yooj yim. Pawg no suav nrog lysine, histidine thiab arginine.